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Andizhon

Andijan adalah ibu kota Provinsi Andijon, di mana terletak Lembah Ferghana

Andijan (atau Andijon, Andizhan, Andizan, Андижан) adalah kota keempat terbesar di Uzbekistan, serta sebagai ibu kota Provinsi Andijon. Andijan terletak di Lembah Fergana, bagian timur Uzbekistan, dekat perbatasan Kirgizia di Sungai Andijan-Say. Jumlah penduduk Andijan mencapai 350.000 jiwa.

Sejarah

Andijan adalah salah satu titik pemberhentian penting di Jalur Sutra, letaknya kira-kira setengah perjalanan antara Kashgar dan Khodjend. Andijan termasyhur sebagai tempat lahir Zahiruddin Babur, pendiri Dinasti Mughal di India pada 1483.

Andijan dikuasai oleh Rusia pada 1876. Pada 1898, warga Andijan, dipimpin oleh seorang Ishan, memberontak pendudukan Rusia dari desa Min-Tyube. Seribu pasukan Murids menyerang garnisun Rusia pada waktu subuh. Tetapi hanya beberapa tentara yang terbunuh, dan pemberontakan itu ditumpas dengan mudah. Pada 1902, sebagian besar wilayah Andijan hancur akibat gempa bumi berkekuatan dahsyat, sehingga kini hanya terdapat sedikit bangunan bersejarah.

Kerusuhan Andijan

Pada 13 Mei 2005, 2.000 demonstran anti-pemerintah Uzbekistan menguasai penjara dan gedung pemerintahan. Mereka memprotes proses pengadilan 23 pengusaha yang dituduh berniat membentuk jaringan kelompok Islam terlarang bernama Akramiya. Tentara Uzbekistan menembak ratusan demonstran supaya dapat menguasai kembali kota Andijan. Sekitar 400 hingga 600 orang dilaporkan tewas, sebagian besar berupa warga sipil.

Ekonomi

Andijan adalah kota industri dengan lahan irigasi yang menghasilkan buah-buahan, kapas dan sutra.

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