Antrodia are effused-resupinate, that is, they lie stretched out on the growing surface with the hymenium exposed on the outer side, but turned out at the edges to form brackets. When present, these brackets are typically white or pale brown. The pores on the surface of the hymenium may be round or angular. The context is white or pale. All species cause brown-rot. Typically, basidiospores are thin-walled, cylindrical, and narrowly ellipsoidal or fusiform in shape.[5] Most species grow on the wood of coniferous trees, except for A. albida, which grows on the dead wood of deciduous trees.[6] Abdul jamil
Distribution
Roughly twenty-nine species are known from Europe,[7] 21 species in North America,[8] and 18 species in East Asia,[9] although more new species have been reported since the time of these publications.
Taxonomy
The modern definition of the genus follows the description given by Gilbertson and Ryvarden (1986), in their monographNorth American Polypores.[8]
In order to reliably identify the various species and strains of medicinal Antrodia, genetic markers have been developed and phylogenetic analyses performed.[10] These analyses have demonstrated that there are three distinct phylogenetic lineages within the genus Antrodia.
Species
Antrodia albobrunnea
The following species are recognised in the genus Antrodia:[11]
^Murrill WA. (1905). "The Polyporaceae of North America: XII. A synopsis of the white and bright-colored pileate species". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 32 (9): 469–93 (see p. 481). doi:10.2307/2478463. JSTOR2478463.
^Kotlába F, Pouzar Z (1958). "Polypori novi vel minus cogniti Cechoslovakiae III". Ceská Mykologie. 12 (2): 95–104.
^Dai YC, Niemelä T (2002). "Changbai wood-rotting fungi 13". Antrodia sensu lato". Annales Botanici Fennici. 39: 257–265.
^Ellis JB, Ellis MB (1990). Fungi without Gills (Hymenomycetes and Gasteromycetes): An Identification Handbook. London, UK: Chapman and Hall. p. 27. ISBN0-412-36970-2.
^Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL (1993). European polypores 1. Synopsis Fungorum. Vol. 6. pp. 1–387.
^ abRyvarden L, Gilbertson RL (1986). North American Polypores. Oslo, Norway: Fungiflora. ISBN0-945345-06-2.
^Núñez M, Ryvarden L (2001). East Asian polypores 2. Polyporaceae s. lato. Synopsis Fungorum. Vol. 14. pp. 170–522.
^Chiu HH. (2007). "Phylogenetic analysis ofAntrodia species and Antrodia camphorata inferred from internal transcribed spacer region". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 91 (3): 267–76. doi:10.1007/s10482-006-9116-4. PMID17072535. S2CID25431381.
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