Maria Anna, who had a particular fondness for hunting, received a strict Jesuit upbringing[2] and was considered a great beauty with exceptional virtues, such as prudence, orderly life and stateliness. She also spoke fluent Italian in addition to her native German.
In the marriage contract, which was signed two days later on 17 July, the Emperor made the exceptional stipulation that Maria Anna would not renounce her rights over the Habsburg inheritance (Erbverzicht) as was customary for Austrian Archduchesses when they married foreign princes; this was made probably by Ferdinand II with the intention to secure the rights of his eldest daughter in the case of the extinction of his male descendants. As a dowry, Maria Anna received the amount of 250,000 florins secured from Wasserburg Castle and the districts of Kraiburg and Neumarkt. As a widow's seat she received Trausnitz Castle in Landshut.
With this union, the Bavarian elector not only gained the opportunity to sire the long-waited heir (his first marriage was childless) but also to demonstrate his alliance with the Holy Roman Empire against France, which was prepared for an imminent war. However, this connection only played a minor role in the relations between Austria and Bavaria later.
Electress of Bavaria
Portraits of Maria Anna and her husband, Maximilian I.
The marriage was very happy and Maximilian I cared for his wife lovingly. During Maria Anna's first pregnancy, the electoral couple made a pilgrimage to Andechs to pray for a happy birth. On 31 October 1636, the Electress gave birth to her first son, who was named Ferdinand Maria after his grandfather Ferdinand II, who also acted as godfather for the child. The childbirth proved to be extremely difficult for Maria Anna; she became so weak that she lost her ability to speak. Her healing was attributed to the help of the relics of Saint Francis of Paola, so Maximilian I founded in Neunburg vorm Wald a monastery consecrated to him.[2] Almost two years later, on 30 September 1638, the Electress gave birth a second son, Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus.
Maria Anna assisted her husband in government affairs and showed interest in the politics of the Bavarian electorate; she even took part in the meetings of the Council of Ministers.[3] Despite her Habsburg origins (she had an extensive correspondence with her brother Ferdinand III and other relatives), she was completely dedicated to the Bavarian viewpoint. In addition, she conducted lively exchanges of opinion with high officials of Munich.
After the conquest of Philipsburg fortress by the French in 1644, Maria Anna urged her brother Leopold Wilhelm, on behalf of her husband, to enter into peace negotiations. (Archduke Leopold Wilhelm had been commander of the Imperial army since 1639.) Shortly before his death in 1650, Maximilian I had a Treuherzige Information (Trust information) written for his wife to give her guidance for her upcoming regency.[4]
Regent of the Electorate of Bavaria
When Maximilian I wrote his will in 1641, Maria Anna claimed in this for the eventual reign of her son, a co-signature law in national matters. However, the Office of the Administrator in Bavaria and Saxony claimed that according to the Golden Bull women were excluded from government. She consulted an expert commission without her husband's knowledge and secured a favorable ruling concerning her rights added in Maximilian I's will. Thus, after Maximilian I's death (27 September 1651) his brother Albert VI, Duke of Bavaria legally became the regent for Ferdinand Maria and was confirmed in that position in both Imperial and electoral courts. Maria Anna assumed full responsibility for the Department of Justice and other country administrative tasks, however, which virtually left the Dowager Electress ruler of Bavaria. In addition to Albert VI and the Dowager Electress, the Hofkammerpräsident Mändl belonged to the administration that continued to work with the young elector when he attained his majority in 1654.[5]
In 1664 Maria Anna, who remained a close advisor to her son even after the end of her regency, suggested putting the country under the patronage of Saint Joseph.[6] After the death of her husband, she lived in the so-called Widow's floor (Witwenstock) in the southwestern part of the Munich Residenz.[7] Until her death she was a member of the Privy Council, the highest governmental body, although she hadn't the right of voting.[8]
Maria Anna is a central character in the novel, 1634: The Bavarian Crisis (Eric Flint & Virginia DeMarce. Baen Books.)
She escaped marriage to Maximilian and escaped to her cousin, Don Fernando, who had declared himself "King in the Low Countries".
Ancestry
Ancestors of Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (born 1610)
^She wears the famous pearl necklaces from the Munich Treasury; the large diamond pendant in her hair was already in possession of the first wife of Maximilian I.
^ abFriedrich Anton Wilhelm Schreiber: Maximilian I. der Katholische, Kurfürst von Bayern und der dreißigjährige Krieg, Fleischmann, 1868, p. 707.
^Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Schreiber: Maximilian I. der Katholische, Kurfürst von Bayern und der dreißigjährige Krieg, Fleischmann, 1868, p. 902.
^Linda Maria Koldau: Frauen-Musik-Kultur, Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, 2005, p. 228.
^C. Arnold: Grundriß der bayerischen Geschichte, Jaquet, 1853, p. 99.
^Petr Maťa, Thomas Winkelbauer: Die Habsburgermonarchie 1620 bis 1740, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2006, p. 263.
^Roswitha von Bary: Henriette Adelaide. Kurfürstin von Bayern. Unveränderter Nachdruck der Original-Ausgabe München 1980. Pustet, Regensburg 2004, p. 236.
^Roswitha von Bary: Henriette Adelaide. Kurfürstin von Bayern. Unveränderter Nachdruck der Original-Ausgabe München 1980. Pustet, Regensburg 2004, p. 268.
Generations are numbered by male-line descent from Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.
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