Bothriembryon

Bothriembryon
	Bothriembryon dux shell
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Stylommatophora
Superfamily:	Orthalicoidea
Family:	Bothriembryontidae
Subfamily:	Bothriembryontinae
Genus:	Bothriembryon; Pilsbry, 1894
Diversity
	43 species,; 36 extant species,; 7 fossil species
Synonyms
	Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) Pilsbry, 1894; Bothriembryon (Tasmanembryon) Breure, 1979; Bulimus (Liparus) Albers, 1850; Celatembryon Iredale, 1939; Hartogembryon Iredale, 1933; Larapintembryon Iredale, 1933; Liparus Albers, 1850 (invalid: junior homonym of Liparus Olivier, 1807 [Coleoptera]; Bothriembryon is a replacement name); Satagembryon Iredale, 1933;

Bothriembryon is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae.^[4]

B. J. Smith (1992)^[5] made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data.^[6]

Distribution

The land snail genus Bothriembryon is endemic to Australia but forms part of the Gondwanan element in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.^[6] Bothriembryon species are mostly patchy in their distribution.^[6]

Fossils of Bothriembryon have been found on the Nullarbor Plain in southern Australia, dating to the late Pliocene.^[7]

Taxonomy

This genus was classified with the Bulimulidae by Pilsbry (1900),^[8] Breure (1979)^[9] and by B. J. Smith (1992).^[5]^[6]

It was classified in tribe Bulimulini, in subfamily Bulimulinae within the family Orthalicidae according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.^[10]

Breure et al. (2010)^[11] moved Bothriembryon to Placostylidae.^[11]

Breure & Romero (2012)^[4] confirmed previous results from 2010 and they renamed Placostylidae to Bothriembryontidae.^[4]

Species

Species within the genus Bothriembryon include:

Bothriembryon angasianus (Pfeiffer, 1864)^[6]
Bothriembryon balteolus Iredale, 1939^[6]
Bothriembryon barretti Iredale, 1930^[6]
Bothriembryon bradshaweri Iredale, 1939^[6]
Bothriembryon brazieri (Angas, 1871)^[6]
Bothriembryon bulla (Menke, 1843)^[6]
† Bothriembryon consors Kendrick, 1978^[6]
Bothriembryon costulatus (Lamarck, 1822)^[6]
† Bothriembryon douglasi Kendrick, 1978^[6]
Bothriembryon dux (Pfeiffer, 1861)^[6]
Bothriembryon esperantia Iredale, 1939^[6]
Bothriembryon fuscus Thiele, 1930^[6]
† Bothriembryon gardneri Kendrick, 1978^[6]
Bothriembryon glauerti Iredale, 1939^[6]
† Bothriembryon gunnii (Sowerby II in Strzelecki, 1845)^[6]
Bothriembryon indutus (Menke, 1843)^[6]
Bothriembryon irvineanus Iredale, 1939^[6]
Bothriembryon jacksoni Iredale, 1939^[6]
Bothriembryon kendricki Hill, Johnson & Merrifield, 1983^[6]
Bothriembryon kingii (J. E. Gray, 1825)^[6]
† Bothriembryon kremnobates Kendrick, 2005^[6]
Bothriembryon leeuwinensis (E. A. Smith, 1894)^[6]
Bothriembryon mastersi (Cox, 1867)^[6]
Bothriembryon melo (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)^[6] - synonym: Bothriembryon inflatus castaneus Pilsbry 1900^[6]
Bothriembryon naturalistarum Kobelt, 1901^[6]
Bothriembryon notatus Iredale, 1939^[6]
Bothriembryon onslowi (Cox, 1864)^[6]
Bothriembryon perditus Iredale, 1939^[6]
Bothriembryon perobesus Iredale, 1939^[6]
Bothriembryon pilkiensis Ryan et al., 2024^[12]
Bothriembryon praecelcus Iredale, 1939^[6]
† Bothriembryon praecursor McMichael, 1968^[6]
Bothriembryon revectus Iredale, 1939^[6]
Bothriembryon rhodostomus (J. E. Gray, 1834)^[6]
Bothriembryon richeanus Iredale, 1939^[6]
† Bothriembryon ridei Kendrick, 1978^[6]
Bothriembryon sayi (Pfeiffer, 1847)^[6]
Bothriembryon sedgwicki Iredale, 1939^[6]
Bothriembryon serpentinus Iredale, 1939^[6]
Bothriembryon sophiarum Whisson & Breure, 2016^[2]
Bothriembryon spenceri (Tate, 1894)^[6]
Bothriembryon tasmanicus (Pfeiffer, 1853)^[6]
Bothriembryon whitleyi Iredale, 1939^[6]
Bothriembryon gratwicki Cox, 1899 - the taxonomic status of this species status is unclear^[6]

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference^[6]

^ Pilsbry H. A. (1894). The Nautilus 8: 36.
^ ^a ^b Whisson C. S. & Breure A. S. H. (2016). "A new species of Bothriembryon (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Bothriembryontidae) from south-eastern Western Australia". ZooKeys 581: 127-140. doi:10.3897/zookeys.581.8044.
^ MolluscaBase (2018). Helicina. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994701 on 2018-02-22
^ ^a ^b ^c Breure A. S. H. & Romero P. (2012). "Support and surprises: molecular phylogeny of the land snail superfamily Orthalicoidea using a three-locus gene analysis with a divergence time analysis and ancestral area reconstruction (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde: International Journal of Malacology 141(1): 1-20. doi:10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/141/001-020.
^ ^a ^b Smith B. J. (1992) "Non-marine Mollusca". In: Houston W. W. K. (Ed). Zoological Catalogue of Australia, 8. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, xii + 405 pp.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av Breure A. S. H. & Whisson C. S. (2012) "Annotated type catalogue of Bothriembryon (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in Australian museums, with a compilation of types in other museums". ZooKyes 194: 41-80. doi:10.3897/zookeys.194.2721.
^ Ryan, Helen E.; Travouillon, Kenny J.; Milne, Lynne A.; Martin, Sarah K.; Thorn, Kailah M.; Whisson, Corey S. (2024-04-10). "A new Bothriembryon from the Nullarbor Plain, Western Australia, with insights on the age of Bothriembryon praecursor from Kangaroo Well, Northern Territory". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology: 1–16. doi:10.1080/03115518.2024.2323472. ISSN 0311-5518.
^ Pilsbry H. A. (1900). Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. Volume 13. Australasian Bulimulidae: Bothriembryon, Placostylus. Helicidae: Amphidromus. 253 pp., 72 plates.
^ Breure A.S. H. (1979) "Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca)". Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 168: 1-215.
^ Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
^ ^a ^b Breure A. S. H., Groenenberg D. S. J. & Schilthuizen M. (2010). "New insights in the phylogenetic relations within the Orthalicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) based on 28S sequence data". Basteria 74(1-3): 25-31.
^ Ryan, Helen E.; Travouillon, Kenny J.; Milne, Lynne A.; Martin, Sarah K.; Thorn, Kailah M.; Whisson, Corey S. (2024-04-10). "A new Bothriembryon from the Nullarbor Plain, Western Australia, with insights on the age of Bothriembryon praecursor from Kangaroo Well, Northern Territory". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology: 1–16. doi:10.1080/03115518.2024.2323472. ISSN 0311-5518.

External links

Media related to Bothriembryon at Wikimedia Commons

[1] Pilsbry H. A. (1894). The Nautilus 8: 36.

[Whisson_2016-2] Whisson C. S. & Breure A. S. H. (2016). "A new species of Bothriembryon (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Bothriembryontidae) from south-eastern Western Australia". ZooKeys 581: 127-140. doi:10.3897/zookeys.581.8044.

[WoRMS-3] MolluscaBase (2018). Helicina. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994701 on 2018-02-22

[Breure_2012-4] Breure A. S. H. & Romero P. (2012). "Support and surprises: molecular phylogeny of the land snail superfamily Orthalicoidea using a three-locus gene analysis with a divergence time analysis and ancestral area reconstruction (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde: International Journal of Malacology 141(1): 1-20. doi:10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/141/001-020.

[Smith_1992-5] Smith B. J. (1992) "Non-marine Mollusca". In: Houston W. W. K. (Ed). Zoological Catalogue of Australia, 8. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, xii + 405 pp.

[Breure_&_Whisson_2012-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av Breure A. S. H. & Whisson C. S. (2012) "Annotated type catalogue of Bothriembryon (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in Australian museums, with a compilation of types in other museums". ZooKyes 194: 41-80. doi:10.3897/zookeys.194.2721.

[7] Ryan, Helen E.; Travouillon, Kenny J.; Milne, Lynne A.; Martin, Sarah K.; Thorn, Kailah M.; Whisson, Corey S. (2024-04-10). "A new Bothriembryon from the Nullarbor Plain, Western Australia, with insights on the age of Bothriembryon praecursor from Kangaroo Well, Northern Territory". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology: 1–16. doi:10.1080/03115518.2024.2323472. ISSN 0311-5518.

[8] Pilsbry H. A. (1900). Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. Volume 13. Australasian Bulimulidae: Bothriembryon, Placostylus. Helicidae: Amphidromus. 253 pp., 72 plates.

[9] Breure A.S. H. (1979) "Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca)". Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 168: 1-215.

[Bouchet_2005-10] Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.

[Breure_2010-11] Breure A. S. H., Groenenberg D. S. J. & Schilthuizen M. (2010). "New insights in the phylogenetic relations within the Orthalicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) based on 28S sequence data". Basteria 74(1-3): 25-31.

[12] Ryan, Helen E.; Travouillon, Kenny J.; Milne, Lynne A.; Martin, Sarah K.; Thorn, Kailah M.; Whisson, Corey S. (2024-04-10). "A new Bothriembryon from the Nullarbor Plain, Western Australia, with insights on the age of Bothriembryon praecursor from Kangaroo Well, Northern Territory". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology: 1–16. doi:10.1080/03115518.2024.2323472. ISSN 0311-5518.

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