Calcium nitride

Calcium nitride
	Unit cell containing 31 nitride ions (red) and 48 calcium ions (white). Each nitride is surrounded by six calcium, and each calcium by four nitride ions.
Names
	IUPAC name Calcium nitride
	Other names tricalcium dinitride
Identifiers
CAS Number	12013-82-0 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image; Interactive image; Interactive image;
ChemSpider	10617534;
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.435
EC Number	234-592-9;
PubChem CID	3387080;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID30892172 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3Ca.2N; InChI=1S/3Ca.2N/q3+2;2-3; InChI=1S/3Ca.2N/q;;+2;2*-1;
	SMILES [Ca]=N[Ca]N=[Ca]; [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[N-3].[N-3]; [Ca]=[N-].[Ca+2].[N-]=[Ca];
Properties
Chemical formula	Ca3N2
Molar mass	148.248 g·mol−1
Appearance	red-brown crystalline solid
Density	2.670 g/cm3 ; 2.63 g/cm3 (17 °C)
Melting point	1,195 °C (2,183 °F; 1,468 K)
Solubility in water	decomposes
Structure
Crystal structure	Cubic, cI80
Space group	Ia-3, No. 206
Related compounds
Other anions	Calcium fluoride; Calcium oxide;
Other cations	Beryllium nitride; Magnesium nitride; Strontium nitride; Barium nitride; Radium nitride; Zinc nitride; Aluminium nitride; Lithium nitride; Sodium nitride; Potassium nitride
Related compounds	Ammonia; Calcium amide; Calcium imide;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Calcium nitride is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca₃N₂.^[1] It exists in various forms (isomorphs), α-calcium nitride being more commonly encountered.

Structure

α-Calcium nitride adopts an anti-bixbyite structure, similar to Mn₂O₃, except that the positions of the ions are reversed: calcium (Ca²⁺) take the oxide (O²⁻) positions and nitride ions (N³⁻) the manganese (Mn³⁺). In this structure, Ca²⁺ occupies tetrahedral sites, and the nitride centres occupy two different types of octahedral sites.^[2]

Synthesis and reactions

Calcium nitride is formed along with the oxide, CaO, when calcium burns in air. It can be produced by direct reaction of the elements:^[3]

3 Ca + N₂ → Ca₃N₂

It reacts with water or even the moisture in air to give ammonia and calcium hydroxide:^[4]

Ca₃N₂ + 6 H₂O → 3 Ca(OH)₂ + 2 NH₃

Like sodium oxide, calcium nitride absorbs hydrogen above 350 °C:

Ca₃N₂ + 2 H₂ → 2 CaNH + CaH₂

General references

Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

References

^ Eagleson, M. (1994). Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry. Walter de Gruyter. p. 160. ISBN 3-11-011451-8. Calcium nitride.
^ Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
^ P. Ehrlich “Calcium, Strontium, Barium Nitrides Ca₃N₂, Sr₃N₂, Ba₃N₂” in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 940-1.
^ Heyns, A. (1998). "The Vibrational Spectra and Decomposition of α-Calcium Nitride (α-Ca₃N₂) and Magnesium Nitride (Mg₃N₂)". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 137 (1): 33–41. Bibcode:1998JSSCh.137...33H. doi:10.1006/jssc.1997.7672.

External links

WebElements entry

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[1] Eagleson, M. (1994). Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry. Walter de Gruyter. p. 160. ISBN 3-11-011451-8. Calcium nitride.

[2] Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.

[3] P. Ehrlich “Calcium, Strontium, Barium Nitrides Ca₃N₂, Sr₃N₂, Ba₃N₂” in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 940-1.

[4] Heyns, A. (1998). "The Vibrational Spectra and Decomposition of α-Calcium Nitride (α-Ca₃N₂) and Magnesium Nitride (Mg₃N₂)". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 137 (1): 33–41. Bibcode:1998JSSCh.137...33H. doi:10.1006/jssc.1997.7672.

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