The basketball section of Club Africain was established in 1956. The team entered the first-level Championnat National A in the 1979–80 season. Three years later, in 1982, the club won its first trophy when it captured the Tunisian Cup. Rival ES Radès was defeated in the final with a score of 86–71.
In 1999, a second Tunisian Cup was won after US Monastir was narrowly edged in the final, 72–69. Two years later, the third Cup was captured after beating Monastir again.
In 2004, Club Africain won its first Championnat National A championship, after defeating JS Kairouan in the final, 88–87. Naim Dhifallah scored a buzzer-beater with 0.9 seconds on the clock to bring the team its first national title.
Four years later, in 2008, Club Africain made its debut at the international stage when it played in the Zone 4 qualifiers for the 2008 FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup. In 2014, the team hosted the FIBA Africa Champions Cup and eventually captured the third place in the tournament.
On March 10, 2024, the Club Africain won the Super Cup of Tunisia 2023 final for the fourth time against the Union Sportive Monastirienne (68-48[2]) at the Radès Sports Hall.
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