Initially known as Hadrian Business Park[a] plans for the area were devised the early 1990s[3] by the Tyne and Wear Economic Development Company.[4] Work began on building Cobalt Park in 1996 when the site was purchased and it was initially to house businesses employing 5,000 people[5] on a site of 140 acres (57 ha).[6] Part of the development was made a designated Enterprise Zone in 1995.[7] The region had previously been noted for its large mining industry and because of this the development had to secure 5 disused mine shafts that ran through the site.[4] In 1997 Highbridge Business Park Limited (a joint venture between Highbridge Properties and Ashall Group) became developers of the park and the development took on its Cobalt name.[4]
In 1998 construction of the first building, Cobalt 3, commenced and was completed in 1999.[4] Over the following years more buildings were added.[4] Additional expansion land was acquired in 2002 and 2007.[6] The development consists of more than 29 buildings.[5] As of 2016 more than 14,000 people are employed on the business park.[5]
The CBX building was formerly part of a £1.1 billion Siemens Semiconductors factory that had been built in 1995/6[8] and opened by Queen Elizabeth II in May 1997.[9] Siemens closed the plant in 1998, and spun off their Semiconductor business to Infineon Technologies in 1999.[b][10] The fabrication facility was transferred to Atmel in 2000 who restarted production at the site.[11] After Atmel decided to reorganise their global factories, their 8-inch wafer fabrication equipment was sold to TSMC and the North Tyneside site itself was sold to the owners of Cobalt in 2007.[12] A number of the buildings attached to the original semiconductors factory have since been demolished and replaced with office and data centre buildings, thus expanding the Cobalt Park site.[13]
As part of the development a country park of 44 acres (18 ha), Silverlink Biodiversity Park, was created on site and declared a nature reserve in 2005.[14] It had been built on the site of a former rubbish tip.[14]