It was formerly in subclass HypocreomycetidaeO.E. Erikss. & Winka 1997,[6] until 2017, when it was placed in subclass SavoryellomycetidaeHongsanan et al.[7] Although still located within class Sordariomycetes.[8][9][3]
The Conioscypha clade, based on molecular data, was considered as Ascomycota incertae sedis with Conioscypha and Conioscyphascus considered congeneric (Réblová and Seifert, 2004,[10][11] Zelski et al., 2015 [12]) with Conioscypha accepted as the recommend name under the one name protocol (Réblová et al. 2016a).[13]
In 2016, phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding loci support the placement of several perithecial ascomycetes and dematiaceous hyphomycetes from freshwater and terrestrial environments in two monophyletic clades closely related to the Savoryellales.[13][14] In the analysis, clade 45 represents the order Conioscyphales, which was established by Réblová et al. (2016a),[13] with a single family Conioscyphaceae. They also introduced two new species, Conioscypha aquatica and Conioscypha submersa.[2] It is a sister clade to orders Pleurotheciales and Savoryellales.[13]
Description
Conioscypha (the sole genus in the Conioscyphales) is generally characterised by aseptate, dark brown conidia and a unique mode of blastic conidiogenesis, when conidia are born in cyathiform (in the form of a cup, a little widened at the top) to doliiform (shaped like a barrel or cask) blastic conidiogenous cells surrounded by hyaline (transparent), cup-like collarettes with a multilamellar (having (or affecting) multiple lamellae) structure (Shearer & Motta 1973).[15][16]
Distribution
It has a cosmopolitan distribution across the globe. They have been found in South America, Australia and New Zealand,[6] as well as parts of North America, Europe and Africa.[17]
References
^ abRéblová, M.; Seifert, K.A.; Fournier, J.; Štěpánek, V. (2016). "Newly recognised lineages of perithecial ascomycetes: the new orders Conioscyphales and Pleurotheciales". Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi. 37: 57-81.
^Hongsanan, S.; Maharachchikumbura, S. S.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Samarakoon, M. C.; Jeewon, R.; Zhao, Q. (2017). "An updated phylogeny of sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence". Fungal Divers. 84: 25–41. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0384-2.
^Tedersoo, Leho; Sanchez-Ramırez, Santiago; Köljalg, Urmas; Bahram, Mohammad; Döring, Markus; Schigel, Dmitry; May, Tom; Ryberg, Martin; Abarenkov, Kessy (May 2018). "High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses". Fungal Diversity. 90 (1). doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0. hdl:10138/238983.
^Réblová, Martina; Seifert, Keith A. (January 2004). "Conioscyphascus, a new ascomycetous genus for holomorphs with Conioscypha anamorphs". Studies in Mycology. 50 (1): 95–108.
^Réblová, M.; Seifert, K. A.; Fournier, J.; Štěpánek, V. (2012). "Phylogenetic classification of Pleurothecium and Pleurotheciella gen. nov. and its dactylaria-like anamorph (Sordariomycetes) based on nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding genes". Mycologia. 104 (6): 1299–1314. doi:10.3852/12-035. PMID22684295. S2CID21460176.
^Zelski, Steven E.; Raja, Huzefa A.; Miller, Andrew N.; Shearer, Carol A. (May 2015). "Conioscypha peruviana' sp. nov., its phylogenetic placement based on 28S rRNA gene, and a report of Conioscypha gracilis comb. nov. from Peru". Mycoscience. 56 (3): 319–325. doi:10.1016/j.myc.2014.09.002.
^ abcdRéblová, Martina; Seifert, K.A.; Fournier, J.; Štěánek, V. (2015). "Newly recognised lineages of perithecial ascomycetes: the new orders Conioscyphales and Pleurotheciales". Persoonia. 37: 57–81.
^Boonyuen, Nattawut; Charuwan, Chuaseeharonnachai; Suetrong, Satinee; Sri-indrasutdhi, Veera; Sivichai, Somsak; Gareth Jones, E.B.; Pang, Ka-Lai (2011). "Savoryellales (Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes): a novel lineage of aquatic ascomycetes inferred from multiple-gene phylogenies of the genera Ascotaiwania, Ascothailandia, and Savoryella". Mycologia. 103 (6): 1351–1371. doi:10.3852/11-102. PMID21642338. S2CID207626885.
^Shearer, C.A.; Motta, J.J. (1973). "Ultrastructure and conidio-genesis in Conioscypha (Hyphomycetes)". Canadian Journal of Botany. 51: 1747–1751.
^Réblová, M.; Fournier, J.; Štěpánek, V. (2016). "Two new lineages of aquatic ascomycetes: Atractospora gen. nov. and Rubellisphaeria gen. et sp. nov., and a sexual morph of Myrmecridium montsegurinum sp. nov". Mycol Prog. 15: 21. doi:10.1007/s11557-016-1166-z.
