Diego de Castilla (1510/15-1584) was a Spanish cleric who served as dean of Toledo Cathedral. He was a patron of the painter El Greco.

Castilla inherited the position of dean of Toledo on the death of his father in 1545. Castilla was of Jewish blood, and this became a major issue for him in 1547, when Juan Martínez Silíceo the archbishop of Toledo, passed a statute of cleanliness of blood, excluding from ecclesiastical office and benefices anyone with a trace of Jewish lineage over four generations. Therefore, Castilla developed an obsession for genealogy, working tirelessly to prove his family's links to Spain's medieval kings.^[1]

On 2 July 1577, El Greco was formally engaged by Diego de Castilla to paint three altarpieces for the church of a Cistercian convent, the Monastery of Santo Domingo el Antiguo in Toledo. The main altarpiece included images of the Assumption of the Virgin and The Trinity, subjects of central theological importance.^[2] Mark Irving regards these commissions as "a public declaration that he, a leading national figure in the battle against the Protestant heresy, could be trusted to support the theological argument of the Catholic church".^[1]

El Greco also undertook the renowned El Espolio as a commission from Castilla.

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