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Diplôme d'études supérieures spécialisées
Diplôme d'études supérieures spécialisées (French pronunciation: [diplom detyd sypeʁjœʁ spesjalize], DESS) was an old diploma in France, which is no longer awarded. It completed a fifth year of higher education aimed at professional practice. It could be chosen after one had got a maîtrise universitaire. This diploma has been abolished when the bachelor/master/doctorate system had been introduced in Europe (in France between 2003 and 2006) and was replaced by the master.[1] References
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