Esmat Dowlatshahi

Esmat Dowlatshahi
Esmat Dowlatshahi
Born	Esmat ol-Molouk Dowlatshahi; 1905; Kermanshah, Sublime State of Iran
Died	25 July 1995 (aged 89–90); Tehran, Iran
Burial	Behesht-e Zahra, Tehran
Spouse	Reza Shah (m. 1923; died 1944)
Issue	Prince Abdul Reza; Prince Ahmad Reza; Prince Mahmoud Reza; Princess Fatemeh; Prince Hamid Reza;
House	Qajar dynasty (by birth); Pahlavi dynasty (by marriage);
Father	Prince Gholam Ali Mirza Dowlatshahi
Mother	Mobtahej Od-dowlah Morad

Esmat ol-Molouk Dowlatshahi (Persian: عصمت‌الملوک دولتشاهی; 1905 – 25 July 1995) was an Iranian royal and the fourth and last wife of Reza Shah.

Early life

Dowlatshahi was born in 1905.^[1] She was a member of the Qajar dynasty.^[1]^[2] Her father was Gholam Ali Mirza "Mojalal Dowleh" Dowlatshahi (1878–1934).^[1] Her mother was Mobtahedj-od-Dowleh, daughter of Ebtehadj Saltaneh and Abou Nasr Mirza Hessam Saltaneh II.^[1] Her paternal grandfather was Hessam-Saltaneh I. She had two brothers and one sister, Ashraf Saltaneh II.^[1] Mehrangiz Dowlatshahi, member of the Majlis and Iranian ambassador, was her cousin.^[3]

Marriage

Dowlatshahi and Reza Shah wed in 1923.^[3]^[4] She was his fourth, last and favourite wife.^[5]^[6] Reza Shah was the minister of war when they married.^[3] From this marriage five children were born: Abdul Reza, Ahmad Reza, Mahmoud Reza, Fatemeh and Hamid Reza Pahlavi.^[1] Her husband became Shah of Iran in 1925. However, it was her husband's second wife Tadj ol-Molouk who was given a public role as queen.^[7] This situation did not make Tadj ol-Molouk happy due to her jealousy of Dowlatshahi which she disclosed in her memoirs.^[7]

Dowlatshahi and Reza Shah lived in the Marble Palace in Tehran with their children.^[5] She accompanied her husband to Mauritius when he was exiled there in September 1941, but she returned to Iran after a few months.^[8]

Later life and death

Dowlatshahi stayed in Iran after the 1979 Islamic Revolution.^[8] She visited the Museum of Reza Shah Pahlavi in Johannesburg, South Africa, on 16 June 1980.^[9] She died on 25 July 1995.^[10] She was buried in the Behesht-e Zahra cemetery, Tehran.^[11]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Anne Commire; Deborah Klezmer, eds. (2007). "Esmat (d. 1995)". Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages. Waterford, CT: Yorkin Publications. pp. 613–614. ISBN 978-0-7876-9394-7.
^ Eileen Pollack (Fall 2004). "The Jewish Shah". Fourth Genre: Explorations in Nonfiction. 6 (2): 53. doi:10.1353/fge.2004.0041. S2CID 109585481.
^ ^a ^b ^c Camron Michael Amin (2002). The Making of the Modern Iranian Woman: Gender, State Policy, and Popular Culture, 1865-1946. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-8130-3126-2.
^ Cyrus Ghani (2001). Iran and the Rise of the Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Power. London: I.B.Tauris. p. 425. ISBN 978-1-86064-629-4.
^ ^a ^b Diana Childress (2011). Equal Rights Is Our Minimum Demand: The Women's Rights Movement in Iran 2005. Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century Books. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-7613-7273-8.
^ "Iranian Princess Fatemeh Pahlavi". The Beaver County Times. London. 2 June 1987. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
^ ^a ^b Janet Afary (2009). Sexual Politics in Modern Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-107-39435-3.
^ ^a ^b Mehdi Jangravi. "Reza Shah's Wives". Institute for Iranian Studies. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
^ "South Africa Museum". Associated Press. 16 June 1980. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
^ "Reza Shah Pahlavi". Iran Chamber Society. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
^ "Behesht-e Zahra Cemetery". Harmsen. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2013.

External links

Media related to Esmat Dowlatshahi at Wikimedia Commons

[ande7-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Anne Commire; Deborah Klezmer, eds. (2007). "Esmat (d. 1995)". Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages. Waterford, CT: Yorkin Publications. pp. 613–614. ISBN 978-0-7876-9394-7.

[2] Eileen Pollack (Fall 2004). "The Jewish Shah". Fourth Genre: Explorations in Nonfiction. 6 (2): 53. doi:10.1353/fge.2004.0041. S2CID 109585481.

[Amin2002-3] Camron Michael Amin (2002). The Making of the Modern Iranian Woman: Gender, State Policy, and Popular Culture, 1865-1946. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-8130-3126-2.

[4] Cyrus Ghani (2001). Iran and the Rise of the Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Power. London: I.B.Tauris. p. 425. ISBN 978-1-86064-629-4.

[Childress2011-5] Diana Childress (2011). Equal Rights Is Our Minimum Demand: The Women's Rights Movement in Iran 2005. Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century Books. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-7613-7273-8.

[6] "Iranian Princess Fatemeh Pahlavi". The Beaver County Times. London. 2 June 1987. Retrieved 24 November 2013.

[afary-7] Janet Afary (2009). Sexual Politics in Modern Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-107-39435-3.

[iis-8] Mehdi Jangravi. "Reza Shah's Wives". Institute for Iranian Studies. Retrieved 19 July 2013.

[9] "South Africa Museum". Associated Press. 16 June 1980. Retrieved 23 February 2022.

[10] "Reza Shah Pahlavi". Iran Chamber Society. Retrieved 19 July 2013.

[11] "Behesht-e Zahra Cemetery". Harmsen. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2013.

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