Hassaku is probably a natural pomelo × mandarin hybrid, with pomelo-like characteristics.[1] It was discovered at the Jyoudo temple in Inno-shima (now part of Onomichi), Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan by Ekei Shounin in the Edo period.[2] In 1860, it was noted and named "jagada", later changed to hassaku (Japanese: 八朔), referring to the first day of August of the old Japanese lunar calendar, when the fruit ripened on the tree.[2] According to Cécile Didierjean, who offered hassaku as an offering to the Shinto god Kôjin in Ōmi in March as a seasonal fruit.[3] Hassaku was not propagated and planted commercially until about 1925.[4]
The allele sharing test performed by Tokurou Shimizu et al. (2016) gives its progenitors: pomelo (C. maxima) and the Kunenbo mandarin (Citrus nobilis). The same results show that various citrus fruits are hybrids of hassaku (May pomelo and Yellow pummelo, with Hirado buntan pollinator, Summer Fresh with natsudaidai pollinator, Sweet Spring pollination of a satsuma).[5]
Description
Hassaku tree is vigorous, upright, virtually thornless. The leaves are broad and pummelo-like, but petiole wings are narrower, approaching sweet orange.[6]
Hassaku fruit is medium to large (9-10 cm in diameter) and slightly oblate; seedy and monoembryonic. The skin color is orange-yellow; moderately thick; slightly grainy. The segments are numerous; the axis is broad and semi-hollow at maturity. The flesh color is light yellow. It is not very juicy but flavor is good. The fruit matures early in midseason, stores only moderately well.[6]
Cultivation
In 1964, it was reported that hassaku cultivation in Japan exceeded 2,500 acres, mostly in the Hiroshima prefecture of its origin. However, during the 1960's, hassaku has been increasingly planted elsewhere.[4]
Today, most hassaku is produced in Wakayama Prefecture,[1] representing about 60% of the Japanese output.[2]
Several populations of the trees were infested with Citrus tristeza virus which caused stunted growth and destroyed the harvest after 15-20 years.[7]
Use
An extraction from the young fruits have been used medically in skin care treatments for patients with atopic dermatitis.[2]
Others
Hassa-kun is a local mascot character which represents Inno-shima in Hiroshima prefecture to enhance image and promote tourism.[8]
^"プロフィール" [Hassakun Profile]. はっさくんオフィシャルサイト (Hassakun Official Site) (in Japanese). 因島商工会議所 (The Innoshima Chamber of Commerce and Industry). Retrieved 2024-06-27.
