Leaky integrator

In mathematics, a leaky integrator equation is a specific differential equation, used to describe a component or system that takes the integral of an input, but gradually leaks a small amount of input over time. It appears commonly in hydraulics, electronics, and neuroscience where it can represent either a single neuron or a local population of neurons.^[1]

The equation is of the form

${\displaystyle dx/dt=-Ax+C}$

where C is the input and A is the rate of the 'leak'.

The equation is a nonhomogeneous first-order linear differential equation. For constant C its solution is

${\displaystyle x(t)=ke^{-At}+{\frac {C}{A}}}$

where ${\displaystyle k}$ is a constant encoding the initial condition.

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