Swaminarayan Bhagwan , the founder of the Swaminarayan Sampraday, established temples, known as mandirs (Devnagari: मन्दिर), as part of his philosophy of theism and deity worship. These mandirs are known as Swaminarayan Hindu temples.[1]
One of the most prominent features of the heritage of Swaminarayan Sampradaya is temple architecture. The images in the temples built by Swaminarayan Bhagwan are the evidence of the priority of Swaminarayan Bhagwan . All of the temples constructed during his life show some form of Krishna, and all temples since have such worshipable murtis. In Vadtaldham he as a god concentrated his own life form known as Harikrushna Maharaj. In the temples of the dioceses of Ahmedabad and Vadtal, they are predominantly a central altar or a shrine. Human forms are predominant but for a known exception of a Hanuman temple at Sarangpur, where Hanuman is the central figure.[4] The temples have accommodations for sadhus built next to them. Stones were quarried in far places and carried to the temple sites.[5]
Swaminarayan temples, like other Hindu temples, have walkways around the central shrine to allow worshipers to circumambulate the shrine. These are often decorated with designs and inlaid marble. The main shrine area is divided by railings. One side of the railing is reserved for women, as Swaminarayan propagated that men and women should be separated in temples to allow full concentration on god. Men do a specified number of prostrations (as decided by themselves). In front of the men's section, there is a small section reserved for ascetics and special guests. There is great variety in form and nature of the central images, in front of which are gold- or silver-plated doors that open during darshan.[6]
Today there are over a thousand Swaminarayan temples,[7] spread across five continents, which come under the above two Gadis (seats) of the Swaminarayan Sampraday.[8]
Murtis of Laxmi Narayan with Ranchhodrai at VadtalRadha Krishna Dev with Harikrishna Maharaj at Vadtal
As an adjunct to the scriptures in establishing ultimate redemption and consolidating the framework of the holy fellowship (Satsang), Swaminarayan constructed stone mandirs, buttressing Upasana – worshipping God, and devotion towards the deities. Towards the end of his second decade of work, he placed a greater emphasis on devotion than detachment – vairagya to foster love for God.[9] This emphasis on devotion culminated in the building of mandirs, which served as permanent places of worship, centres for religious gathering, instruction, the study of Sanskrit, devotional music and Vedic literature, and as centres of social services where alms, medicines and clothes were available to the poor and needy.[10] In a span of six years, from 1822 till 1828, Swaminarayan sanctioned the construction of nine mandirs in Gujarat: Ahmedabad, Mooli, Bhuj, Vadtal, Jetalpur, Dholera, Dholka, Junagadh and Gadhada.
One of the most prominent features of the heritage of Swaminarayan is its temple architecture. The images in the temples built by Swaminarayan are the evidence of the priority of Krishna. All of the temples constructed during his life show some form of Krishna, and all temples since have such worshipable figures, or murtis. In the temples of the dioceses of Ahmedabad and Vadtal, these are predominantly a central altar or a shrine. Human forms are predominant, with the exception of the Hanuman temple at Sarangpur, where Hanuman is the central figure.[4] The temples have accommodation for ascetics built next to them. Stones were quarried in far places and carried to the temple sites.
Swaminarayan temples, like other Hindu temples, have walkways around the central shrine to allow worshipers to circumambulate the shrine, which is often decorated with designs and inlaid marble. The main shrine area is divided by railings. One side of the railing is reserved for women, as Swaminarayan said that men and women should be separated in temples to allow full concentration on god. Men perform a specified number of prostrations. In front of the men's section, there is normally a small area reserved for ascetics and special guests. There is great variety in the form and nature of the central images, in front of which are gold- or silver-plated doors that open during darshan.[6] Swaminarayan ordered the construction of the following six mandirs and installed the images of various deities, such as Nara Narayana, Laxminarayan, Radha Krishna, Radha Ramana, Revti Baldevji, himself.[11]
Shri Swaminarayan Mandir is the first temple Swaminarayan constructed. It was built in Ahmedabad in 1822, and presents images of Nara Narayana, who occupies the principal seat of the temple, and forms of Arjuna and Krishna at the central altar. The left altar has murtis of Radha Krishna. The land for construction of the temple was donated by the East India Company government of the day. The task of constructing it was entrusted by Swaminarayan to Ananandand Swami. The temple is constructed as per scriptural norms with intricate carving in Burma teak and sculptural art depicting deities' episodes, auspicious symbols and religious icons representing axiomatic religion and Indian culture. The temple is believed to be a valuable cultural heritage in the socio-religious history of Gujarat and India.[12][2][13] The installation ceremony of the murti forms in the temple was celebrated in the presence of thousands of pilgrims from across India. Nara Narayana .[12][2][13]
On the request of devotees from Bhuj, Swaminarayan asked Vaishnavananand Swami to go there with a team of saints and build a temple. In 1822, they camped on land adjacent to the temple site and drew plans of the temple complex. within a year they had built a temple abode of Nar Narayan.[2][13][14][15][16] The Gujarat earthquake on 26 January 2001 destroyed much of the city of Bhuj, including this temple. Members of the Swaminarayan Sampraday, including saints and satsangis of Kutch residing in India and abroad, have resolved to construct a new marble temple a short distance from the site.[17][18] The new temple, the largest in Gujarat, was opened in May 2010 by the then Chief Minister of Gujarat, Narendra Modi.[19]
The temple in Vadtal, also known as Vadtal Swaminarayan, is in the shape of a lotus, with nine domes in the inner temple. The land for this shrine was donated by Joban Pagi, a dacoit who was later converted into a devotee by Swaminarayan. The temple was constructed under the supervision of Brahmanand Swami, was completed within fifteen months and the idols of Laxmi Narayan was installed by Swaminarayan on 3 November 1824, amidst chants of vedic hymns and devotional fervour of the installation ceremony.[20] Swaminarayan also installed his own idol in Vadtal, naming it Harikrishna Maharaj. The walls are decorated with colourful representations from the Ramayana.[2][13][20][21][22] The temple's walls are decorated with colourful representations from the Ramayana.[2][13][20][21][22]
Dholera is an ancient port-city, 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Dhandhuka in Ahmedabad District. This temple has three domes. Its construction was supervised and planned by Nishkulanand Swami, Bhai Atmanand Swami, Akshardanand Swami and Dharmprasad Swami. The land for the temple was donated by Darbar Punjabhai. On 19 May 1826, Swaminarayan installed the idols of Madan Mohan and his own form Harikrishna, at the principal seat of the temple and invoked Gods amidst Vedic hymns.[2][13][23]
This temple, in the city of Junagadh on Mount Girnar, has five domes and external decoration with sculptures. Its construction was supervised by Brahmanand Swami; it was built on land donated by king Hemantsinh of Jinabhai, Darbar of Panchala. On 1 May 1828, Swaminarayan installed the murtis of Ranchhodrai and Trikamrai on the principal altar of the temple, which is 278-foot (85 m) in circumference. The life of Swaminarayan is crafted in stone on the dome of the sanctum.[2][13][24][25]
The land for the temple in Gadhada (or Gadhpur) was donated by the court of Dada Khachar in Gadhada. DarbarDada Khachar and his family were devotees of Swaminarayan. The temple was made built the courtyard of his own residence. This shrine has two stories and three domes and is adorned with carvings. Swaminarayan assisted in the construction of the temple by lifting stones and mortar, and he installed the figures of Gopinath, Radhika and Harikrishna on 9 October 1828.[2][13][24]
Gadhada is also home to Laxmi Vadi.[26] This is the burial place of Swaminarayan's ashes. The site is marked by a shrine consisting of the idols of brother Ichharam, Swaminarayan himself and Raghuvirji Maharaj.
Other temples
Sahajanand Swami also ordered construction of temples at Muli, Dholka and Jetalpur. Although these temples were completed after his death, the Murti pratishtas, idol installation ceremonies, were conducted by Sahajanand Swami. He installed images of various manifestations of God, such as Nar Narayan Dev, Laxmi Narayan Dev, Radha Krishna, Radha Raman and Revti Baldevji. Swaminarayan lived in Gadhpur for about 27 years; he stayed at the Darbar of Dada Khachar, one of his best-known devotees. At some temples, footprints of Swaminarayan are worshiped by his followers.[27] Swaminarayan entrusted the day-to-day performance of the worship rituals in these mandirs to ascetics.[28] By 2012, there were over a thousand Swaminarayan temples across five continents.
In the 1920s, members of the sect began to move out of India to East Africa in search of work and better lives. Among these was a large number of Kutchis of the Leva Patel/Patidar community, who remained to the Bhuj temple under the Nar Nararayan Dev Gadi.[29] All the temples built in Africa come under the temple in Bhuj. The first Swaminarayan temple in Africa was built in Nairobi in 1945,[30] and temples were built in Mombasa and other Kenyan towns in the following years. Temples were also built in Tanzania and Uganda.[31] The Swaminarayan temple in Karachi, Pakistan, was built in 1868 when Karachi was part of the Indian Union.[32]
After the Second World War, members of the movement in East Africa began migrating to the United Kingdom; the number of migrants rose significantly in the 1960s and 1970s.[33] The first Swaminarayan temple in the UK was built in Bolton in 1973.[34] This was followed by a temple in the London suburb of Willesden, which was consecrated in 1975 and is the sect's biggest temple in the UK. Temples have been built in other parts of the UK, such as Cardiff, Oldham, Leicester and Brighton and several others in London. The temple in Leicester was opened in 1993 and was the first in Europe under the International Swaminarayan Satsang Organisation (ISSO) and was followed by one in Sweden.[35][36]
Location: Primary Deity: Constructed in: Architecture: construction
Pailan, Diamond Harbour Rd, Kolkata, West Bengal 700020 - BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Bhasa, was constructed and opened to public in the year 2014 - – This Mandir comes under the BAPS
Bhuj NarNarayan Dev, HariKrishna Maharaj, RadhaKrushna Dev and Ghanshyam Maharaj 2010 Multi-spire marble and gold structure The original Swaminarayan temple in Bhuj was damaged by an earthquake in 2001. This temple has been built to replace the old one, which will now serve as a museum.
Burhanpur is an old city in State of Madhya Pradesh, India.
Satsang in this religious city of Burahanpur started in 1798 when Swaminarayan sanctified this city on his pilgrimage as Neelkanth Varni. Later, he sent his paramhansas like Kripanand Swami, Gunatitanand Swami, Premanand Swami, Poornanand Swami, Naronarayananad Swami, Nirvikaranand Swami, Anantanand Swami, Adbhutanand Swami, etc. who sowed roots of Satsang in this city.
Swaminarayan himself gave Lakshminarayan Dev to Seth Shiva Shah of Burhanpur in 1825–26. Idols of L.N. Dev were then kept at the residence of Brahmin Ramchandra who lived at site of present temple.
In December 1829 Idols of L.N. Dev were installed in small temple of 1 shikhar by Acharya Shri Raghuvirji Maharaj with Param Chaitanyanand Swami.
In Samvat 1907, Raghuveerji Maharaj visited Burhanpur with Narsimhanand Swami and a huge procession was carried out in the city.
Later in 1871, Acharya Bhagwatprasadji installed Harikrishna Maharaj adjacent to L.N. Dev and instructed Swami Balmukunddasji guru Gopalanand Swami to build a huge temple. Eventually, Balmukund Swami completed new temple in 1875 without disturbing the original installation of idols. Bhagwatprasadji came with Adbhutanand Swami, Pavitranand Swami, Gopalji Maharaj, Nishkamanand Bramhchari, etc. in a Train (then called as Aag-gadi).
Thereafter in the year around 1898, Bramchari Chaitanyanandhi, Br. Nirdoshanandji, Krishnanandji, Nishkamanandji on the instruction of Shri Viharilalji Maharaj and with donation from Shri Bhaulal Haridasji Gandhi installed Ghanshyam Maharaj in Sukhshaiya on the right of L.N. Dev. Later in 1944 Shri Goverdhandas Gandhi son of Shri Bhaulal Gandhi donated a farm at Titgao for maintenance of Ghanshyam Maharaj.
This temple also witnessed satsang under great saints like Br.Mayatitanandji, Br. Atmanandji, Br. Chaitanyanandji, etc. and Purani Dharmswaroopdasji, Shastri Nilkanthdasji, Chaturbhuj Shastri, Shastri Lakshmiprasaddasji, etc. Also well known ekantik haribhakt were Seth Shyamdas Shiva Shah, Seth Onkardas Nanabhai, Seth Narottamdas Lakshmidas, Bhaulal Haridas Gandhi, Seth Tikamdas Bechardas Shah, Seth Ranchoddas Merchant and others.
Mayatitanand Bramhchari also initiated daily Abhishek of idols in this temple and also inspired Swami Sevak Mandal to make Hir na Hindola in Samvat 1991 in Burhanpur Temple.
Khan Village – – – This Mandir comes under the NarNarayan Dev Gadi. Images at this temple were originally located at Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Karachi.
Nairobi Swaminarayan Year 1945 Tri-spire Structure This Mandir comes under the Narnarayan dev and was the first Swaminarayan temple outside India and on the continent of Africa[50]
1st Floor, Kurjibhai Ramjibhai Building Le Hochet, Terre Rough Mauritius Tel: +230 2493656. Fax: +230 2481481 Lord Swaminarayan – – This Mandir comes under the NarNarayan Dev Gadi
Auckland Narnarayan Dev, Ghanshyam Maharaj and RadhaKrishna Dev 24 March 2008 Tri spire with Haveli This Mandir comes under the NarNarayan Dev Gadi (ISSO)[51]
Dar-es-Salaam Swaminarayan 1958 Haveli style tri-spire structure This Temple is owned by Tanzania Swaminarayan Mandal, an organization blessed by both the Acharyas of Amdavad & Vadtal. It is open to devotees of all caste/color/creed. For more details and activities of this Temple, visit http://www.swaminarayantz.org[44]
^Mānekshāh Sorābshāh Commissaria (1980). A history of Gujarat. Longmans, Green & co. Retrieved 17 June 2009. Page 983
^James Burgess (1872). The Indian antiquary. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 17 June 2009. Page 333
^Joe Bindloss; Sarina Singh; James Bainbridge; Lindsay Brown; Mark Elliott; Stuart Butler (2007). India. Lonely Planet. ISBN978-1-74104-308-2. Retrieved 17 June 2009. Page 761
^ abcIndia (Republic) Superintendent of Census Operations, Gujarat (1964). District census handbook. Director, Govt. Print. and Stationery, Gujarat State. Retrieved 7 May 2009. Page 53
^ abRajnee Vyas (2006). Welcome to Gujarat. Akshara Prakashan. Retrieved 7 May 2009. Page 120
^Also Four temples in NJ, PA, WI and VA are owned and operated by Shree Swaminarayan Agyna Upasna Satsang Mandal-USA, which is controlled by Dharmkul Ashrit Shree Swaminarayan Vadtal Gadi
Barot, R., "Religion, Migration and Wealth Creation in the Swaminarayan Movement", The Transnational Family: New European Frontiers and Global Networks, Berg Publishers, 2002.
Williams, Raymond Brady, A New Face of Hinduism: The Swaminarayan Religion, Cambridge University Press, 1984
Nesbitt, E., "Locating British Hindus' sacred space", Contemporary South Asia, 15(2) p. 195–208. Routledge, 2006.
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