The Treblinka extermination camp was run by the SS, a Nazi paramilitary organization, with the help of Eastern European Trawnikis (Hiwis), who were collaborationist auxiliary police recruited directly from Soviet POW camps. The Trawnikis served at all the major extermination camps, including Treblinka.[1][2] Treblinka was part of Operation Reinhard, the systematic extermination of the three million Jews living in the General Government of German-occupied Poland. It is believed that between somewhere between 800,000[3][4][5] and 1,200,000 people[6][7] were murdered in its gas chambers, almost all of whom were Jews. More people were murdered at Treblinka than at any other Nazi extermination camp besides Auschwitz.[8]
The camp consisted of two separate units: Treblinka I and the Treblinka II extermination camp (Vernichtungslager). The first was a forced-labour camp (Arbeitslager) whose prisoners worked in the gravel pit or irrigation area and in the forest, where they cut wood to fuel the crematoria. Between 1941 and 1944, more than half of its 20,000 inmates died from summary executions, hunger, disease and mistreatment.[9][10]
Meanwhile, the first official German trial for war crimes committed at Treblinka was also held in 1964, with the former camp personnel first brought to justice at that time, some twenty years after the end of the war.
^Browning, Christopher R. (1992). "Arrival in Poland"(PDF). Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. Penguin Books. pp. 52, 77, 79, 80. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)Also:
^Ząbecki, Franciszek (1977). Wspomnienia dawne i nowe [Old and New Memories] (in Polish). Warsaw: PAX. p. 148. PB 7495/77. Book description with digitized text samples at Swistak.pl.
^Maranda, Michał (2002). "Więźniowie obozu zagłady w Treblince"(PDF). Nazistowskie Obozy Zagłady. Opis i próba analizy zjawiska (in Polish). Uniwersytet Warszawski, Instytut Stosowanych Nauk Społecznych. pp. 160–161. OCLC52658491. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
^"The Treblinka Perpetrators". An overview of the German and Austrian SS and Police Staff. Aktion Reinhard Camps ARC. 23 September 2006. Retrieved 1 November 2013. Sources: Arad, Donat, Glazar, Klee, Sereny, Willenberg et al.
Donat, Alexander (1979). The Death Camp Treblinka: A Documentary. Berlin: Schocken Books. p. 14. ISBN0-8052-5008-5. The eyewitness articles ... include some of the Polonophobic aspects of contemporary Holocaust lore ... [i.e. Tanhum] Grinberg, having arrived well after the fact, [could not] possibly know the identity(-ies) and motive(s) of the killer(s).
S.J., H.E.A.R.T (2007), The Treblinka Death Camp Trials, Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, retrieved 8 September 2013
Snyder, Timothy (2012). Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin. Basic Books. ISBN978-0-465-03147-4. Retrieved 12 November 2013. The source of the Treblinka count is Witte, Peter, "A new document", 472, in: Holocaust and Genocide Studies 15,3 (Oxford 2001), which provides the German's count of 713,555 for 1942 (per radiogram intercepted by the British); and Młynarczyk, Jacek Andrzej, "Treblinka – ein Todeslager der 'Aktion Reinhard", 281, in: Bogdan Musial (ed.), Aktion Reinhard – Die Vernichtung der Juden im Generalgouvernement (Osnabrück 2004), 257–281, which supplies the 1943 reconing of 67,308 victims.
Webb, Chris; Lisciotto, Carmelo (2007), Treblinka Death Camp History, H.E.A.R.T – Holocaust & Education Archive Research Team, retrieved 10 September 2013, Source: Arad, Hilberg, Donat, Sereny, Willenberg, Glazar, Chrostowski, and Encyclopaedia of The Holocaust.
