Mae Klong

Mae Klong River
Mae Klong River
	Mouth of the Mae Klong, Samut Songkhram
	Mouth location
Native name	แม่น้ำแม่กลอง (Thai)
Location
Country	Thailand
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	Confluence of Khwae Yai and Khwae Noi rivers
• coordinates	14°01′06″N 99°31′40″E / 14.01833°N 99.52778°E
• elevation	28 m (92 ft)
Mouth	Bay of Bangkok
• location	Samut Songkhram
• coordinates	13°21′43″N 100°0′10″E / 13.36194°N 100.00278°E
• elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Length	132 km (82 mi)
Discharge
• location	Samut Songkhram, Samut Songkhram Province

The Mae Klong (Thai: แม่น้ำแม่กลอง, RTGS: Maenam Mae Klong, Thai pronunciation: [mɛ̂ːnáːm mɛ̂ː klɔ̄ːŋ]), sometimes spelled Meklong, is a river in western Thailand. The river begins in Kanchanaburi Province and flows across Ratchaburi Province and Samut Songkhram Province.

Course

The origin of the river is in Kanchanaburi town, at the confluence of the Khwae Noi (Khwae Sai Yok) and the Khwae Yai River (Khwae Si Sawat) rivers, having their sources in the eastern side of the Tenasserim Hills. It flows roughly southeastwards and southwards, often forming meanders across a wide floodplain. The river passes by the towns of Ban Pong and Ratchaburi in Ratchaburi Province. Finally it ends in a swampy delta by the town of Samut Songkhram and empties into the northwestern shore of the Bay of Bangkok, Gulf of Thailand.^[1] The main reservoir on the river is formed by the Mae Klong Dam.^[2]

Environment

The Mae Klong river basin has a tropical savanna climate, and is subject to two major thermal systems, the southwest and the northeast monsoons. The southwest monsoon brings moisture up from the Indian Ocean beginning in May and climaxing with heavy rains in September and October. These heavy rains are supplemented by cyclones out of the South China Sea during the same two months. The rising of the winds of the northeast monsoon bring an end to this rainfall. Almost 80% of the annual rainfall in the basin occurs in the half-year from May to October. Total annual rainfall ranges from 1,000 millimetres (39 in) on the coast to 2,400 millimetres (94 in) at the higher elevations.^[3] Temperatures in the basin range from lows of 18 °C to highs of 38 °C.^[3]

Giant freshwater stingrays inhabit the river. A sudden die-off of forty-five of these rays in September 2016 threaten them with local extinction. Authorities have suspected that pollution was the cause of the die-off.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] It was later attributed to molasses waste water which leaked from a sugar/ethanol factory in Ban Pong District of Ratchaburi Province on 30 September that continued until 7 October. High levels of free ammonia killed the animals.^[8] The waste water has been reused by farms and not discharged into the environment. The Pollution Control Department will sue Rajburi Ethanol Co for allowing molasses wastewater to leak.^[8]^[9]