The district had been a safe LDP district from its creation until the landslide election of 2009 when incumbent Liberal Democrat Fumio Kyūma, former defence minister in the Hashimoto and Abe cabinets, lost his seat to Democrat newcomer Eriko Fukuda by 14,000 votes at record turnout.
Due to reapportionment, Nagasaki lost one seat in 2022 and the boundaries of the district changed. The city of Ōmura and the islands of Iki and Tsushima were transferred to the district from the Nagasaki 3rd district and an area belonging to the City of Nagasaki (the former towns of Kinkai and Sotome) was moved to the 1st district.