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Nitiobroges  Map of Gaul with tribes, 1st century BC; the Nitiobroges are circled.
The Nitiobroges (Gaulish: *Nitiobrogis, 'the indigenous') were a Gallic tribe dwelling on the middle Garonne river, around their chief town Aginnon (modern-day Agen), during Iron Age and the Roman period. NameThey are mentioned as Nitiobroges (var. nitiobriges, iciobriges), Nitiobrogum and Nitiobrogibus (var. nit[h]iobrigibus, nithiobrogibus) by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC),[1] Nitiobroges (var. antobroges) by Pliny (1st c. AD),[2] Nitióbriges (Νιτιόβριγες) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD),[3] and as Nisiobroges by Sidonius Apollinaris (5th c. AD).[4][5] The name is also attested as Nitiobrogeis (νιτιοβρογεις) on an inscription written on a torc with the Greek alphabet, found in Mailly-le-Camp and dated to the mid-1st century BC.[6]  The ethnonym Nitiobroges is a latinized form of the Gaulish *Nitiobrogis (sing. Nitiobrox), which literally means 'those who have their own country/territory', that is to say the 'indigenous', presumably in opposition to their neighbours that were not.[7][8][9] It stems from the Celtic prefix nitio- ('from here, proper') attached to brogi-s ('territory, region, march'). The same stem is found in the personal name Nitio-genus ('son of the country'). Their name can be contrasted with that of the Allo-broges ('foreigners'), who lived further northeast between the Rhône and the Alps, and also be compared with the Old Welsh *Kom-brogi-s ('from the same country'), which is at the origin of the ethnonym Cymro ('Welsh').[7][9] GeographyThe Nitiobroges dwelled in the modern-day Lot-et-Garonne department.[10] Their territory was located south of the Bituriges Vivisci, west of the Cadurci and Ruteni, north of the Sotiates, Volcae Tectosages and the Ausci, and east the Vasates.[11][12] Their chief town was Aginnon (Lat. Aginnum; modern Agen), erected on the middle Garumna (Garonne).[11] HistoryThe Nitiobroges settled in their attested homeland during the 4th century BC.[11] They participated in the Gallic coalition of Vercingetorix against Rome, providing 5,000 men led by the Nitiobrogian king Teutomatos at the Battle of Gergovia in 52 BC.[10] References
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