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Opisthorchis felineus, the Siberian liver fluke or cat liver fluke, is a trematodeparasite that infects the liver in mammals. It was first discovered in 1884 in a cat's liver by Sebastiano Rivolta of Italy. In 1891, Russian parasitologist, Konstantin Nikolaevich Vinogradov (1847–1906)[2] found it in a human, and named the parasite a "Siberian liver fluke". In the 1930s, helminthologistHans Vogel of Hamburg published an article describing the life cycle of Opisthorchis felineus.[3]
Felineus infections may also involve the pancreatic ducts. Diagnosis of Opisthorchis infection is based on microscopic identification of parasite eggs in stool specimens. Safe and effective medication is available to treat Opisthorchis infections. Adequately freezing or cooking fish will kill the parasite.
Distribution
Distribution of Opisthorchis felineus include: Spain, Italy, Albania, Greece, France, Macedonia, Switzerland, Germany, Poland, Russia, Turkey, and Caucasus.[4]
The definitive hosts are fish-eating mammals such as dogs, foxes, cats, rats, pigs, rabbits, seals, lions, wolverines, martens, polecats and humans.[4]
Effect on human health
It is estimated that 1.5 million people in Russia are infected with the parasite. Inhabitants of Siberia acquire the infection by consuming raw, slightly salted and frozen fish.[citation needed]
Opisthorchiasis, the disease caused by Opisthorchis felineus, ranges in severity from asymptomatic infection to severe illness. Patient outcome is dependent on early detection and treatment.[citation needed]
Human cases of opisthorchiasis may affect the liver, pancreas, and gall bladder. If not treated in the early stages, opisthorchiasis may cause cirrhosis of the liver and increased risk of liver cancer, but may be asymptomatic in children.[citation needed]
Two weeks after flukes enter the body, the parasites infect the biliary tract. Symptoms of infection include fever, general felling of tiredness, skin rash, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Severe anemia and liver damage may also incapacitate the infected person for 1–2 months. Treatment of opisthorchiasis is generally with a single dose of praziquantel.[citation needed]
^Blanchard, R. (1895). Séance du 26 Novembre 1895. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France20: 217. Text on biodiversitylibrary.org.
^Ageev, A. K. (1972). "Konstantin Nikolaevich Vinogradov (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)". Arkhiv Patologii. 34 (10): 85–9. PMID4573523.
^[1] Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine
^ abcdefChai, Jong-Yil; Darwin Murrell, K.; Lymbery, Alan J. (2005). "Fish-borne parasitic zoonoses: Status and issues". International Journal for Parasitology. 35 (11–12): 1233–54. doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.07.013. PMID16143336.
