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Principality of Zirqan
The Principality of Zirqan (1335-1835) were a collection of four Kurdish principalities founded in the north of Mardin in 1335.[1][2] The four principalities consisted of Ataq, Tercil, Gürdükan and Derzin.[3][4][page needed] HistoryThe Zirqan Principality was founded around Mardin at the beginning of the 13th century. The founders of this principality claimed Sheikh Hassan Zerraki as their ancestor. It is estimated that the Mardin Artuqids lived in the period of Salih Şems al-Din, who ruled between 1312-1364. In 1335, the Zirqan Principality was established after the conquest of Boğat Castle in Silvan by Zeydo, a descendant of Sheikh Hassan Zerraki.[5][page needed] Aq Qoyunlu and Safavid periodZirqan Principality experienced its strongest period during the Aq Qoyunlu period. The Beylik region includes Mardin, Diyarbakir and Bitlis regions. Aq Qoyunlu ruler Uzun Hasan married the daughter of Omer, one of the emirs of Zirqan, in 1483 and the Principality of Bitlis was given to the Principality of Zirqan by Aq Qoyunlu.[6] Zirqan, which was attacked by the Safavids like other Kurdish principalities in 1507, was occupied by the Safavids, Ataq being given to the Qajar tribe, which was retaken by the Zirqids of Ataq following the Battle of Chaldiran.[7][4][page needed] Ottoman periodThe Zirki principalities of Ottoman Kurdistan were dynastic estates governed by Kurdish emirs of the Zirki tribe and granted special autonomy by the Ottoman sultanate from 1514-1835.[8] Selim I made a pact with Kurdish tribal leaders, allowing them to continue to rule over their homelands in exchange for their support in defending the Ottoman borders from the Safavid Empire.[9] After the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, the Zirqan Beylik began to rule the region with other Kurdish principalities within the Ottoman Empire.[10] The Zirqan Principality left many architectural works in the 15th century. The most important of these is the Ahmet Bey Mosque. in 1709 The Gürdikan region of the Zirkan Principality passed into the hands of the Bitlis Principality. The rulers of the principality declared their independence in 1830, but after they were defeated by the Ottomans in 1835, their family members were exiled to the city of Edirne, thus ending the Zirqan Principality.[11] References
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