Sammy Ward

Sammy Ward
Sammy Ward
Born	Samuel Ward; 1963; Short Strand, Belfast, Northern Ireland
Died	31 October 1992 ; (aged 30); Beechfield Street, Short Strand, Belfast, Northern Ireland
Organisations	Irish People's Liberation Organisation; Irish People's Liberation Organisation - Belfast Brigade;

Samuel Ward (c. 1963 – 31 October 1992) was the leader of the Irish People's Liberation Organisation's Belfast Brigade. The IPLO was formed in 1986 by disaffected and expelled members of the Irish National Liberation Army.^[1]^[2] Following its split from and feud with the INLA, the IPLO split into two factions: the 'Army Council' (led by Jimmy Brown) and the 'Belfast Brigade' (led by Ward).^[3]

During its Halloween 1992 purge of the IPLO (dubbed the "Night of Long Knives"), the Provisional IRA killed Ward while he was inside the Seán Martin GAA club on Beechfield Street in the Short Strand area of Belfast.^[3]^[4] Following this large-scale operation by the Provisionals, both factions of the IPLO surrendered and disbanded.^[3]^[5]^[6]^[7]

References

^ Leslie, David (15 May 2014). Lighting Candles: A Paramilitary's War with Death, Drugs and Demons. Black & White Publishing. ISBN 9781845027940. While Manny was in jail, the arguing and infighting had come to a head and a core of the INLA, including Gerard Steenson, Manny's good friend Jimmy Brown and Martin 'Rook' O'Prey, had broken away and set up the Irish People's Liberation Organisation. At Brown's behest, a political wing, the Republican Socialist Collective was also formed.
^ van Um, Eric (2012). "Why Militant Groups Fight Each Other: The Role of Support, Political Objectives and Revenge" (PDF). Economics of Security (64). Berlin. ISSN 1868-0488. In 1986, fighting between IPLO and INLA started shortly after IPLO had been formed by expelled members as a breakaway faction of the INLA.
^ ^a ^b ^c McDonald, Henry; Holland, Jack (2010). I.N.L.A - Deadly Divisions. Poolbeg Press. pp. 424, 426, 429, 430. ISBN 978-1-84223-438-9.
^ "CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths". cain.ulster.ac.uk. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
^ "IRA's Night of Long Knives' part in peace process". IrishCentral.com. 8 November 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
^ Monaghan, Rachel (2002). "The Return of "Captain Moonlight": Informal Justice in Northern Ireland" (PDF). Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 25 (1): 41–56. doi:10.1080/105761002753404140. ... and in October 1992 took action against the Irish People's Liberation Organisation (IPLO). The IPLO had a history of criminal activities including a gang rape of a woman in the Divis flats complex and involvement in the growing drug trade. The IRA's action resulted in the execution of one IPLO member and the shooting of a further 20 members with assault rifles in Belfast. The IPLO disbanded shortly after this.
^ Holland, Jack (16 February 2011). "A View North Shocking! Paramilitaries running North's rackets". Irish Echo. Retrieved 11 April 2024. The Irish People's Liberation Organization, a splinter from the Irish National Liberation Army, under the direction of Jimmy Brown, were the first to commence with the importation of drugs on a sizable scale, mainly ecstasy tablets popular at rave parties in the late 1980s. Brown, who fancied himself as something of an intellectual, justified this by pointing to the guerrillas in Colombia, who finance their war against the state through proceeds from the trade in cocaine. The IPLO was forced to disband by the Provisional IRA in November 1992. But the drug trade goes on, mainly in the hands of elements within the Ulster Defense Association.

Sources

Henry McDonald, INLA - Deadly Divisions, Paperback: 469 pages; Poolbeg Press Ltd (April 26, 2010); ISBN 1-84223-438-2; ISBN 978-1-84223-438-9

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[:5-1] Leslie, David (15 May 2014). Lighting Candles: A Paramilitary's War with Death, Drugs and Demons. Black & White Publishing. ISBN 9781845027940. While Manny was in jail, the arguing and infighting had come to a head and a core of the INLA, including Gerard Steenson, Manny's good friend Jimmy Brown and Martin 'Rook' O'Prey, had broken away and set up the Irish People's Liberation Organisation. At Brown's behest, a political wing, the Republican Socialist Collective was also formed.

[2] van Um, Eric (2012). "Why Militant Groups Fight Each Other: The Role of Support, Political Objectives and Revenge" (PDF). Economics of Security (64). Berlin. ISSN 1868-0488. In 1986, fighting between IPLO and INLA started shortly after IPLO had been formed by expelled members as a breakaway faction of the INLA.

[:0-3] McDonald, Henry; Holland, Jack (2010). I.N.L.A - Deadly Divisions. Poolbeg Press. pp. 424, 426, 429, 430. ISBN 978-1-84223-438-9.

[4] "CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths". cain.ulster.ac.uk. Retrieved 29 May 2024.

[5] "IRA's Night of Long Knives' part in peace process". IrishCentral.com. 8 November 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2024.

[6] Monaghan, Rachel (2002). "The Return of "Captain Moonlight": Informal Justice in Northern Ireland" (PDF). Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 25 (1): 41–56. doi:10.1080/105761002753404140. ... and in October 1992 took action against the Irish People's Liberation Organisation (IPLO). The IPLO had a history of criminal activities including a gang rape of a woman in the Divis flats complex and involvement in the growing drug trade. The IRA's action resulted in the execution of one IPLO member and the shooting of a further 20 members with assault rifles in Belfast. The IPLO disbanded shortly after this.

[:1-7] Holland, Jack (16 February 2011). "A View North Shocking! Paramilitaries running North's rackets". Irish Echo. Retrieved 11 April 2024. The Irish People's Liberation Organization, a splinter from the Irish National Liberation Army, under the direction of Jimmy Brown, were the first to commence with the importation of drugs on a sizable scale, mainly ecstasy tablets popular at rave parties in the late 1980s. Brown, who fancied himself as something of an intellectual, justified this by pointing to the guerrillas in Colombia, who finance their war against the state through proceeds from the trade in cocaine. The IPLO was forced to disband by the Provisional IRA in November 1992. But the drug trade goes on, mainly in the hands of elements within the Ulster Defense Association.

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Sammy Ward

References

Sources

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