Stavilac

Stavilac (Serbian Cyrillic: ставилац, literally meaning "placer") was a court title in Medieval Bosnia and Medieval Serbia in the Middle Ages.^[1]^[2] It was similar to the Byzantine court offices of domestikos and cup-bearer (pinkernes, known in Serbian as peharnik).^[2] It had a role in the ceremony at the royal table, though the holder could be entrusted with jobs that had nothing to do with court rituals.^[3] According to studies of Rade Mihaljčić, the holder was in charge of acquiring, preparing and serving food at the royal table.^[4] It was a confidant duty, given to the highest and most notable nobility, which the ruler relied on in all occasions.^[4]

History of usage

Its oldest mention is from the Serbian court of King Stefan Milutin (r. 1282–1321), when Đuraš Vrančić had the title.^[4] The title of stavilac ranked as the last in the hierarchy of the Serbian court, behind čelnik, kaznac, tepčija and vojvoda, the supreme title.^[5] It was, nevertheless, quite prestigious as it enabled its holder to be very close to the ruler.^[3] In the Dečani chrysobulls, King Stefan Dečanski (r. 1321–1331) mentioned that the court dignitaries present at the Dečani assembly were the kaznac, tepčija, vojvoda, sluga and stavilac.^[6] There is not much information on the title-holders at the court of King Stefan Dečanski; there is however much information on those at the court of King and Emperor Stefan Dušan (r. 1331–1355).^[7]

In Bosnia, this court title appears for the first time with a coronation of the first Bosnian king, Tvrtko I Kotromanić. As soon as he ascended to a Bosnian throne as a king in 1377, Tvrtko reorganized his court reflecting some of the Serbian court-office titles, ceremonials and traditions.^[1]

List of Bosnian stavilac

Tvrtko Vlađević (1378), served King Tvrtko I
Ivan Radivojević (1392) served King Dabiša

List of Serbian stavilac

Lazar Hrebeljanović (ca. 1329–1389), who began as *stavilac* at the court of Emperor Stefan Dušan, later became the most powerful nobles during the Fall of the Serbian Empire.

Đuraš Vrančić (?), served King Stefan Milutin.^[4]
Miloš Vojinović (fl. 1333), served King Stefan Dušan. Son of Vojvoda Vojin.^[7]
Gradislav Sušenica, served King Stefan Dušan. (disputed^[8])
Vojislav Vojinović (c. 1350–55), served Emperor Stefan Dušan. Son of Vojvoda Vojin.
Lazar Hrebeljanović (fl. 1355–1362), served Emperor Stefan Dušan and Emperor Uroš V.

References

^ ^a ^b Pejo Ćošković (2009). "Tvrtko I - Kotromanići". hbl.lzmk.hr (in Croatian). Hrvatski biografski leksikon. Retrieved 1 April 2021. Reorganizirao je dvor preuzevši neka zvanja, službe i ceremonijal srpskoga (dijaka je zamijenio logotet, kaznaca protovestijar, naslovu stavilac odgovarala bi bizantska dvorska titula domestika i domestika stolnika).
^ ^a ^b Andrija Veselinović; Radoš Ljušić (2008). Srpske dinastije. Službene glasink. p. 240. ISBN 978-86-7549-921-3.
^ ^a ^b Mihaljčić 2001, pp. 15–28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Blagojević 2001, p. 34.
^ Blagojević 2001, p. 211.
^ Srđan Šarkić (1996). Srednjovekovno srpsko pravo. Matica srpska. p. 66. ISBN 9788636303696.
^ ^a ^b Blagojević 2001, p. 35.
^ Božidar Zarković; Dušan Radunović; Vesna Sekulić; Vukosava Stevović (2002). Hotačka metohija: prvi hilandaroski posed u Srbiji. Institut za srpsku kulturu. p. 144. ISBN 9788682797265.

Sources

Blagojević, Miloš (2001). Državna uprava u srpskim srednjovekovnim zemljama (in Serbian). Službeni list SRJ. ISBN 9788635504971.
Ćirković, Sima; Mihaljčić, Rade (1999). Лексикон српског средњег века (in Serbian). Knowledge. ISBN 9788683233014.
Dinić, Mihailo; Ćirković, Sima (1978). Српске земље у средњем веку: историјско-географске студије (in Serbian). Српска књижевна задруга.
Mandić, Svetislav (1986). Velika gospoda sve srpske zemlje i drugi prosopografski prilozi (in Serbian). Srpska književna zadruga. ISBN 9788637900122.
Mihaljčić, Rade (2001) [1984]. Лазар Хребељановић: историја, култ, предање (in Serbian). Belgrade: Srpska školska knjiga; Knowledge. ISBN 86-83565-01-7.
Mihaljčić, Rade (1976). "Ставилац" [Stavilac]. Istorijski časopis. ХХIII: 5–21.
Purković, Miodrag (1985). Srpska kultura srednjega veka (in Serbian). Izd. Srpske pravoslavne eparhije za zapadnu Evropu.
Šarkić, Srđan (1996). Srednjovekovno srpsko pravo (in Serbian). Matica srpska. ISBN 9788636303696.
Srejović, Dragoslav; Gavrilović, Slavko; Ćirković, Sima M. (1982). Istorija srpskog naroda: knj. Od najstarijih vremena do Maričke bitke (1371) (in Serbian). Srpska književna zadruga.

[Ćošković-2009-hbl.lzmk.hr-Kotrmanići-1] Pejo Ćošković (2009). "Tvrtko I - Kotromanići". hbl.lzmk.hr (in Croatian). Hrvatski biografski leksikon. Retrieved 1 April 2021. Reorganizirao je dvor preuzevši neka zvanja, službe i ceremonijal srpskoga (dijaka je zamijenio logotet, kaznaca protovestijar, naslovu stavilac odgovarala bi bizantska dvorska titula domestika i domestika stolnika).

[VeselinovićLjušić2008-2] Andrija Veselinović; Radoš Ljušić (2008). Srpske dinastije. Službene glasink. p. 240. ISBN 978-86-7549-921-3.

[FOOTNOTEMihaljčić200115–28-3] Mihaljčić 2001, pp. 15–28.

[FOOTNOTEBlagojević200134-4] Blagojević 2001, p. 34.

[FOOTNOTEBlagojević2001211-5] Blagojević 2001, p. 211.

[6] Srđan Šarkić (1996). Srednjovekovno srpsko pravo. Matica srpska. p. 66. ISBN 9788636303696.

[FOOTNOTEBlagojević200135-7] Blagojević 2001, p. 35.

[ZarkovićRadunović2002-8] Božidar Zarković; Dušan Radunović; Vesna Sekulić; Vukosava Stevović (2002). Hotačka metohija: prvi hilandaroski posed u Srbiji. Institut za srpsku kulturu. p. 144. ISBN 9788682797265.

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