Timeline of Abidjan

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

Prior to 20th century

1898 - Village of Abidjan founded.^[1]

20th century

1903 - Abidjan becomes a town.^[1]
1910 - Dimbokro-Abidjan railway constructed.^[2]
1920 - Population: 1,000.
1927 - Port-Bouët wharf commissioned.^[2]
1934
- French administrative capital relocated to Abidjan from Bingerville.^[1]^[3]
- Bobo-Dioulasso-Abidjan railway constructed.^[2]
1938 - Theatre Indigene formed.^[4]
1942 - Museum established.^[5]
1945 - City council election held.^{[citation needed]}
1946 - Population: 48,000.
1948 - ASEC Mimosas football club formed.
1950 - Vridi Canal opens.^[1]^[2]
1951 - Autonomous Port of Abidjan in operation.
1952
- Bibliothèque municipale established.^[6]
- Stade Andre Geo opens.^{[citation needed]}
1953 - Banco National Park and Stella Club d'Adjamé (football club) established.
1954 - Abidjan Matin newspaper begins publication.^[7]
1955
- Ouagadougou-Abidjan railway begins operating.
- Catholic Archdiocese of Abidjan established.^[8]
- Population: 127,585.^[2]
1956
- Municipality established.
- Félix Houphouët-Boigny becomes mayor.^[9]
- City Hall built.^[10]
1958
- 1st bridge completed connecting the mainland to Petit-Bassam Island.^[1]
1960
- City becomes capital of independent Republic of Côte d'Ivoire.
- Antoine Konan Kanga becomes mayor.^[9]
- Abidjan Transport Company founded.
1961 - Centre d'Edition et de Diffusion Africaines established.^[11]
1962
- Presidential palace inaugurated.
- Institut Africain pour le Développement économique et Social headquartered in Abidjan.^[12]
- Centre Culturel Français active.^[6]
1963
- Radio Télévision Ivoirienne (television) begins broadcasting.
- Population: 246,700 urban agglomeration.^[13]
1964 - Fraternité Matin newspaper begins publication.
1965
- African Development Bank headquartered in Abidjan.^[14]
- Nour-al-Hayat Mall built.^[10]
1967
- Charles de Gaulle bridge built.^[10]
- Higher Institute of Religious Culture founded.^{[citation needed]}
1968 - National Library of Ivory Coast established.^[6]
1969 - Ivoire InterContinental Abidjan Hotel built.
1971 - Abidjan Institute of Criminology established (approximate date).^{[citation needed]}
1972 - International Community School of Abidjan founded.^[15]
1974 - Abidjan Stock Exchange established.
1975 - Population: 951,216.^[2]
1976 - Ivorian Society of Bank building and Department of Finances building constructed.^[10]
1978
- Palais des Sports de Treichville established.
- Population: 1,269,071.^[2]
1980
- City of Abidjan organized into ten communes: Abobo, Adjamé, Attécoubé, Cocody, Koumassi, Marcory, Plateau, Port-Bouët, Treichville, Yopougon.^[16]
- Emmanuel Dioulo becomes mayor.^[9]
1983 - Political capital of Ivory Coast relocated from Abidjan to Yamoussoukro.^[3]
1984
- March: 1984 African Cup of Nations held.
- Cité Administrative Tour C, D and E built.
1985
- St. Paul's Cathedral, Abidjan built.
- Ernest N’Koumo Mobio becomes mayor.^[9]
- Population: 1,716,000 (urban agglomeration).^[17]
1986 - Sister city relationship established with San Francisco, USA.^[18]
1988
- Maquis du Val eatery opens.^[19]
- Population: 1,934,342.^[2]
1990
- Demonstration against Houphouët-Boigny national regime.^{[citation needed]}
- Population: 2,102,000 (urban agglomeration).^[17]
1992 - African Publishers Network headquartered in city.^[20]
1993 - Marche des Arts et du Spectacle Africains (festival) begins.^[21]^[22]
1994 - Le Jour plus [fr] newspaper begins publication.
1995
- Abidjan-Ouagadougou railway concessioned.^[23]^[24]
- Population: 2,535,000 (urban agglomeration).^[17]
1996
- Université d'Abobo-Adjamé founded.
- Inades-Formation Côte d'Ivoire relocated to Abidjan.^[25]
1998
- West African regional Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières (stock exchange) headquartered in Abidjan.
- Population: 2,877,948.^[26]
1999 - Palais de la culture d'Abidjan [fr] built.
2000
- Area of city: 627 square kilometers.^[27]
- Population: 3,028,000 (urban agglomeration).^[17]

21st century

2001 - August: City administration decentralized into 13 communes: Abobo, Adjamé, Anyama, Attécoubé, Bingerville, Cocody, Koumassi, Marcory, Plateau, Port-Bouët, Songon, Treichville, Yopougon.^[28]
2002
- September: First Ivorian Civil War begins.^[29]
- Pierre Djédji Amondji becomes Abidjan district governor.^[9]
2003 - December: "Attack on state TV building."^[29]
2004
- March: Political protest; violence ensues.^[29]^[30]
- November: Anti-French riots.
- Anoumabo Open Theatre built.^[31]
2005 - Population: 3,564,000 (urban agglomeration).^[32]
2007 - Ivory Coast National Film Festival begins.
2008 - Pont d'Azito [fr] (bridge) construction begins.
2009
- 29 March: 2009 Houphouët-Boigny stampede.
- Unite de Police Anti-Pollution active.^[33]
- University of Science and Technology of Ivory Coast established.
2010
- November: Pre-election unrest.^[34]
- December: Political protest.^[35]
- City website online (approximate date).^[36]^{[chronology citation needed]}
- Population: 4,151,000 (urban agglomeration).^[17]
2011
- February: Protest in Abobo against Gbagbo regime.^[37]
- March: Second Ivorian Civil War begins.^[35]
- April: "French army take over Abidjan's airport."^[35]
- May: Robert Beugré Mambé becomes Abidjan district governor.^[28]
2012
- May: TEDx Abidjan begins.^[38]
- November: Association Internationale des Maires Francophones conference held.^[39]^[40]
- Population: 4,476,397.
2013
- 1 January: 2013 Houphouët-Boigny stampede.
- Yamoussoukro-Abidjan highway built.[1]
- InnovAfrica meets in Abidjan.^[41]
2014
- Henri Konan Bédié Bridge opens.
- Population: 4,395,243.^[42]
2017 - July: 2017 Jeux de la Francophonie to be held in Abidjan.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abidjan". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. 32. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Dubresson 1997.
^ ^a ^b Armstrong 1985.
^ Martin Banham; et al., eds. (1994). "Côte d'Ivoire". Cambridge Guide to African and Caribbean Theatre. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521411394.
^ "Côte d'Ivoire: le musée d'Abidjan pillé durant la guerre, un pan d'histoire s'efface". L'Express (in French). Paris. 14 August 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c World Guide to Libraries (25th ed.), De Gruyter Saur, 2011, ISBN 9783110230710
^ "Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses:Côte d'Ivoire". www.katolsk.no. Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Les anciens Maires et Gouverneur du District d'Abidjan" (in French). District d'Abidjan. Archived from the original on 27 April 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Stephen Sennott, ed. (2004). Encyclopedia of 20th-century Architecture. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 1579584330.
^ Claudia Schulz (2001). "Construire le paysage de l'edition dans l'Afrique francophone de l'Ouest durant l'epoque post-coloniale". Les mutations du livre et de l'édition dans le monde du XVIIIe siècle à l'an 2000 (in French). Presses Université Laval. ISBN 2747508137.
^ "Centre de Recherche et d'Action pour la Paix". Abidjan. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
^ "History". African Development Bank Group. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
^ "International Community School of Abidjan". Archived from the original on 4 July 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
^ Freund 2001.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e The State of African Cities 2014. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2015-09-10. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0. Archived from the original on 2014-09-10.
^ "San Francisco Sister Cities". USA: City & County of San Francisco. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
^ "Restaurants in Abidjan". African Development Bank. 2010.
^ Marcia J. Bates, ed. (2010), Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, p. 5126, ISBN 9780849397127
^ Barthelemy Kotchy; et al. (1997). "Côte d'Ivoire". In Don Rubin (ed.). World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Africa. Routledge. ISBN 0415059313.
^ "MASA Festival". Archived from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
^ Heinrich Bofinger (2011). Africa's Transport Infrastructure: Mainstreaming Maintenance and Management. World Bank Publications. ISBN 978-0-8213-8605-7 – via Google Books (fulltext).
^ Howard W. French (November 19, 1994), "Abidjan Journal; The Little Railroad That Couldn't Goes Private", New York Times
^ "Our History". Inades-Formation Côte d'ivoire. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
^ "Côte d'Ivoire". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 1857431839.
^ UN-HABITAT (2004), State of the World's Cities, Earthscan, ISBN 9781844071593
^ ^a ^b "Le District" (in French). District d'Abidjan. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Ivory Coast Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
^ Ivory Coast: Turmoil in a troubled country (timeline), Canada: CBC News, 3 April 2011
^ "(Abidjan)". ArchNet. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
^ "The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets". United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2010. Archived from the original on 2013-06-17.
^ "Cote d'Ivoire: Up in Smoke; Meet Africa's first green cops". Frontline. WGBH Educational Foundation. 9 July 2009.
^ Bruno Losch (2011). "Cote d'Ivoire". In Andreas Mehler; et al. (eds.). Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2010. Koninklijke Brill. pp. 81–92. ISBN 978-90-04-20556-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Timeline: Ivory Coast". Al Jazeera English. 30 November 2011.
^ "District d'Abidjan: Site Officiel". Archived from the original on 2013-04-28 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
^ "Ivorian troops fire to disperse anti-Gbagbo protest". Reuters. 20 February 2011. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
^ "TEDx Abidjan". Retrieved 10 May 2013.
^ "Assemblee generale de l'Association Internationale des Maires Francophones" (in French). Gouvernement de Côte d'Ivoire. 26 November 2012.
^ "Villes, dialogue interculturel et paix - Abidjan, 26-28 novembre 2012". Paris: Association Internationale des Maires Francophones. Archived from the original on 2013-07-01. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
^ "InnovAfrica" (in French). Retrieved 30 September 2014.
^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia and the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

Allen Armstrong (1985). "Ivory Coast: another new capital for Africa". Geography. 70.
K. Attahi (1991). "Planning and management in large cities: A case study of Abidjan, Côte-d'Ivoire". Metropolitan Planning and Management in the Developing World: Abidjan and Quito. Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat).
Alain Dubresson (1997), "Abidjan: From the public making of a modern city to urban management of a metropolis", in Carole Rakodi (ed.), The Urban Challenge in Africa, United Nations University Press, ISBN 92-808-0952-0
Bill Freund (2001). "Contrasts in Urban Segregation: A Tale of Two African Cities, Durban (South Africa) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)". Journal of Southern African Studies. 27 (3): 527–546. doi:10.1080/13632430120074572. JSTOR 823314. PMID 17650571. S2CID 37285422.
"Abidjan". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London. 2003.
Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, ed. (2005). "Abidjan". Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
Bill Freund (2007). "Globalisation and the African city: Touba, Abidjan, Durban". The African City: A History. Cambridge University Press. pp. 177+. ISBN 978-0-521-52792-7.

in French

Louis Roussel; et al. (1968). "La mobilité de la population urbaine en Afrique Noire: Deux essais de mesure, Abidjan et Yaoundé". Population (in French). 23 (2): 333–352. doi:10.2307/1527492. JSTOR 1527492 – via Persee.fr.
Philippe Haeringer (1969). "Structures foncières et création urbaine à Abidjan". Cahiers d'études africaines (in French). 9 – via Persee.fr.
Jean-Marie Gibbal (1974). Citadins et villageois dans la ville africaine; l'exemple d'Abidjan (in French). Grenoble: Presses Universitaires/Francois Maspero.
P. Haeringer (1977). "Abidjan 1976. Occupation de l'espace urbain et péri-urbain". Atlas de Côte-d'Ivoire (in French). Abidjan: Ministère de Plan-ORSTOM-IGT.
P. Haeringer (1985). "Vingt-cinq ans de politique urbaine a Abidjan". Politique Africaine (in French). 17. doi:10.3406/polaf.1985.3976. S2CID 149088468.
C. Vidal; M. Le Pape (1986). Pratiques de crise et conditions sociales à Abidjan, 1979-1985 (in French). Abidjan: ORSTOM.
Philippe Antoine; et al. (1987). Abidjan 'côte cours' (in French). Paris: ORSTOM/Karthala.
A. Bonnassieux (1987), L'autre Abidjan. Chronique d'un quartier oublié (in French), Paris: INADES
M. Le Pape; et al. (1992), Abidjan: du cosmopolitanisme à la mondialisation (in French), Paris: ASP CNRS-ORSTOM
Dabié Nassa (2009). "Abidjan: Rue des Jardins et rue du Commerce à l'épreuve de la mondialisation". Géographie et Cultures [fr] (in French). 71. doi:10.4000/gc.2124 – via Revues.org.
Villes et organisation de l'espace en Afrique (in French). Éditions Karthala. 2010. ISBN 978-2811103392. (contains several chapters about Abidjan)
Collectif; Auzias, Dominique; Labourdette, Jean-Paul (2012). "Histoire". Abidjan. Le Petit Futé (in French). ISBN 9782746960428.
Côte d'Ivoire: Profil Urbain d'Abidjan (in French). United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2012.

External links

Media related to History of Abidjan at Wikimedia Commons

"(Abidjan)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
"(Abidjan)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
"(Abidjan)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
"(Abidjan)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. (Bibliography)
"(Abidjan)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
"(Abidjan)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
Christian Zimmermann (ed.). "(Abidjan)". Research Papers in Economics. United States: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (Bibliography)
"Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire". BlackPast.org. United States.

Images

De Gaulle Bridge, built 1967 (photo 2009)
St. Paul's Cathedral, Abidjan, built 1980 (photo 2009)
Abidjan, 2010
Liberté traffic circle, Adjamé, Abidjan, in 2010
Abidjan, 2014

[EB-1] Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abidjan". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. 32. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.

[FOOTNOTEDubresson1997-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Dubresson 1997.

[FOOTNOTEArmstrong1985-3] Armstrong 1985.

[banham1994-4] Martin Banham; et al., eds. (1994). "Côte d'Ivoire". Cambridge Guide to African and Caribbean Theatre. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521411394.

[5] "Côte d'Ivoire: le musée d'Abidjan pillé durant la guerre, un pan d'histoire s'efface". L'Express (in French). Paris. 14 August 2011.

[saur2011-6] World Guide to Libraries (25th ed.), De Gruyter Saur, 2011, ISBN 9783110230710

[worldcat-7] "Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 10 May 2013.

[8] "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses:Côte d'Ivoire". www.katolsk.no. Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2014.

[maires-9] "Les anciens Maires et Gouverneur du District d'Abidjan" (in French). District d'Abidjan. Archived from the original on 27 April 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2013.

[sennott2004-10] Stephen Sennott, ed. (2004). Encyclopedia of 20th-century Architecture. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 1579584330.

[11] Claudia Schulz (2001). "Construire le paysage de l'edition dans l'Afrique francophone de l'Ouest durant l'epoque post-coloniale". Les mutations du livre et de l'édition dans le monde du XVIIIe siècle à l'an 2000 (in French). Presses Université Laval. ISBN 2747508137.

[12] "Centre de Recherche et d'Action pour la Paix". Abidjan. Retrieved 10 May 2013.

[13] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.

[14] "History". African Development Bank Group. Retrieved 28 May 2013.

[15] "International Community School of Abidjan". Archived from the original on 4 July 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2013.

[FOOTNOTEFreund2001-16] Freund 2001.

[unhabitat2014-17] The State of African Cities 2014. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2015-09-10. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0. Archived from the original on 2014-09-10.

[18] "San Francisco Sister Cities". USA: City & County of San Francisco. Retrieved 30 December 2015.

[afdb-restos-19] "Restaurants in Abidjan". African Development Bank. 2010.

[bates2010-20] Marcia J. Bates, ed. (2010), Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, p. 5126, ISBN 9780849397127

[rubin1997-21] Barthelemy Kotchy; et al. (1997). "Côte d'Ivoire". In Don Rubin (ed.). World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Africa. Routledge. ISBN 0415059313.

[22] "MASA Festival". Archived from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2014.

[Bofinger2011-23] Heinrich Bofinger (2011). Africa's Transport Infrastructure: Mainstreaming Maintenance and Management. World Bank Publications. ISBN 978-0-8213-8605-7 – via Google Books (fulltext).

[24] Howard W. French (November 19, 1994), "Abidjan Journal; The Little Railroad That Couldn't Goes Private", New York Times

[25] "Our History". Inades-Formation Côte d'ivoire. Retrieved 10 May 2013.

[26] "Côte d'Ivoire". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 1857431839.

[unhabitat2004-27] UN-HABITAT (2004), State of the World's Cities, Earthscan, ISBN 9781844071593

[districtabidjan-28] "Le District" (in French). District d'Abidjan. Retrieved 10 May 2013.

[bbc-timeline-29] "Ivory Coast Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 September 2014.

[cbc-timeline-30] Ivory Coast: Turmoil in a troubled country (timeline), Canada: CBC News, 3 April 2011

[ArchNet-31] "(Abidjan)". ArchNet. Retrieved 15 July 2017.

[unhabitat2010-32] "The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets". United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2010. Archived from the original on 2013-06-17.

[33] "Cote d'Ivoire: Up in Smoke; Meet Africa's first green cops". Frontline. WGBH Educational Foundation. 9 July 2009.

[34] Bruno Losch (2011). "Cote d'Ivoire". In Andreas Mehler; et al. (eds.). Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2010. Koninklijke Brill. pp. 81–92. ISBN 978-90-04-20556-7.

[aljazeera-timeline-35] "Timeline: Ivory Coast". Al Jazeera English. 30 November 2011.

[36] "District d'Abidjan: Site Officiel". Archived from the original on 2013-04-28 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.

[37] "Ivorian troops fire to disperse anti-Gbagbo protest". Reuters. 20 February 2011. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.

[38] "TEDx Abidjan". Retrieved 10 May 2013.

[39] "Assemblee generale de l'Association Internationale des Maires Francophones" (in French). Gouvernement de Côte d'Ivoire. 26 November 2012.

[40] "Villes, dialogue interculturel et paix - Abidjan, 26-28 novembre 2012". Paris: Association Internationale des Maires Francophones. Archived from the original on 2013-07-01. Retrieved 10 May 2013.

[41] "InnovAfrica" (in French). Retrieved 30 September 2014.

[42] "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

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