In 1990, Cohen became a faculty member of the Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology at Université de Montréal and was appointed Professor of Virology in 1999.[7] In 2004, he joined the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, where he is currently pursuing research aimed at understanding HIV persistence and identifying intervention strategies for an HIV cure.[8]
Cohen's laboratory has contributed to describing the structure and function of Vpr during HIV-1 infection.[9][10] His work was also involved in defining Vpr as a viral factor with immune-modulatory functions.[11][12]
Cohen has investigated the role and function of Vpu in HIV pathogenesis.[13][14][15][16] His laboratory demonstrated that Vpu enables the optimal production and dissemination of the virus and helped shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which Vpu counteracts BST2 (also designated Tetherin), an interferon-regulated host factor that strongly inhibits the release and transmission of HIV-1 and other enveloped viruses.[17] Cohen's work also showed that Vpu plays a key part in the negative regulation of the CD4 receptor observed during HIV infection and that the antagonistic actions of Vpu on CD4 and BST2 are among the strategies employed by HIV to circumvent several types of anti-HIV immune responses.[18]
Scientific Activities and Involvements
Cohen has received a senior-level Canada Research Chair in Human Retrovirology[19][20] and most recently the IRCM-Université de Montréal Chair of Excellence in HIV Research.[21][22] He has authored more than 140 manuscripts[23] and books[24][25][26][27][28][29] published in scientific and medical journals, and holds several international patents. He is the team leader of CanCURE, a multidisciplinary research consortium studying HIV-host interactions governing HIV persistence and developing intervention strategies towards an HIV cure.[30][31][32][33] Cohen is a founding member of the AIDS and Infectious Disease Network (SIDA-MI) of the Fonds de recherche du Québec – Santé (FRQS), and currently serves on its scientific committee.[34][35]
He was also a member of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research HIV/AIDS Research Advisory Committee (CHARAC).[36] He was part of the International AIDS Society (IAS) 2016 International Scientific Working Group of more than 50 experts responsible for updating and revising the 2012 Global Scientific Strategy: Towards an HIV Cure.[37]
Awards
In 2012, Cohen received the Marcel-Piché prize awarded to an IRCM researcher.[38][39] In 2014, he received the Pierre-Bois prize bestowed to an IRCM researcher for his philanthropic and institutional activities as well as his scientific outreach.[40][41] He was elected as Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences in 2016.[42][43]
Biotechnology
Cohen was the director of the Small Genome Division at Human Genome Sciences, a genomics company that was acquired by GlaxoSmithKline.[44] He was a scientific advisor and collaborator for Theratechnologies, a Canadian biotechnology company that developed Egrifta, the only treatment indicated to reduce excess abdominal fat in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy.[45] He was also the co-founder and chairman of the Canadian genomics company Ecopia BioSciences.[46]
^Haseltine, W.A., Terwilliger, E.F., Cohen, E.A., Sodroski, J.G., Lu, Y., Salfeld, J. and Göttlinger, H. Novel genes and coding sequences of HIV-1. (Proceedings of Colloque Des Cent Gardes) Publisher Pasteur Vaccin, 1990.
^Cohen, E.A., Terwilliger, E.F. and Haseltine, W.A. The Vpr protein of HIV-1 is a virion associated positive regulatory protein in genetic structure and HIV regulation. Harvard AIDS Institute, Raven Press, 1991.
^Göttlinger, H. and Cohen, E.A. The Vpu gene product of HIV. HIV: a practical approach. Volume 2. Biochemistry, Molecular biology and Drug Discovery. Edited by Jonathan Karn. IRL Press at Oxford University Press. 1995.
^Cohen, E.A. Le SIDA: un défi pour la recherche biomédicale. Dans: Mise à jour de la situation sur le SIDA, volume 2. Morrissette et Ghadirian, Hôtel Dieu de Montréal, 1995.
^Cohen, E.A., Subbramanian, R.A. and Göttlinger, H. Role of auxiliary proteins in retroviral morphogenesis. Current topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Morphogenesis and Maturation of Retroviruses. 214. Edited by H.-G. Kräusslich. Springer. Chapter 7, 219-235, 1996.
^Bergeron, D., Beaulieu, S., Lafontaine, M., Courchesne, I. and Cohen, E.A. Infection of human thymic dendritic cells with HIV-1 induces the release of a cytotoxic factor(s). Dendritic cells in fundamental and clinical Immunology, Vol. 3. (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Vol. 417) Edited by P. Ricciardi-Castgnoli. Plenum Press, New York, Chapter 71, 433-438, 1997.
