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Manso

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Manso (disambigua).

Manso nel medioevo indicava la quantità di terreno o podere lavorato dai componenti di una famiglia con un solo paio di buoi. Al manso era annessa anche la casa colonica. I coloni – servi, semiliberi, liberi – erano chiamati dominicales, tributarii, ingenuiles, serviles, vestiti, inhabitati secondo la loro posizione giuridica davanti al padrone.[1]

Etimologia

Il termine deriva dal latino mānsu(m), participio passato di manēre ("restare, dimorare") significa "luogo di sosta" ed è voce dotta derivante da mansione(m), "dimora", da cui "magione".[2]

Organizzazione ed estensione

Fino a circa l'VIII secolo, il "manso longobardo", secondo la definizione di Leicht[3], era molto esteso, con dimensioni impressionanti che non si troveranno nei secoli successivi, comprese fra i 10 e i 75 iugeri[4][5] (da 2,5 ha a circa 18,75 ha), organizzato come un podere retto da un titolare — servo, e qualche volta libero — affiancato da servi domestici, a lui necessari per coltivare un'azienda dalle dimensioni cospicue.[6]

Tuttavia, almeno dalla metà del secolo IX, nel X, XI e XII il manso muterà estensione. Culminando il processo di riduzione dell'area poderale dovuto all'insediamento nella media e alta pianura fino alla collina, le dimensioni del manso saranno comprese orientativamente fra i 4 e i 24 iugeri: tali mansi venivano considerati nel 1099 aziende poderali di notevole ampiezza.[7]

Nell'area alpina orientale (Tirolo) il riferimento al manso sopravvisse ben oltre il medioevo, e di questo termine rimane tuttora traccia nell'istituto giuridico del "maso chiuso".[8]

Note

  1. ^ Grande Enciclopedia, p. 300.
  2. ^ Manlio Cortelazzo e Paolo Zolli, Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, Bologna, Zanichelli, 1988, ISBN 8808049663.
  3. ^ Leicht, pp. 18, 70.
  4. ^ Brühl, pp. 206-207.
  5. ^ Schiaparelli, pp. 79-80, 273, 348-349.
  6. ^ Fumagalli, p. 317.
  7. ^ Fumagalli, pp. 317-318.
  8. ^ Grande Enciclopedia, p. 301.

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