Aurivirus

Aurivirus haliotidmalaco1
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Duplodnaviria
Kingdom:	Heunggongvirae
Phylum:	Peploviricota
Class:	Herviviricetes
Order:	Herpesvirales
Family:	Malacoherpesviridae
Genus:	Aurivirus
Species:	Aurivirus haliotidmalaco1
Synonyms
	Abalone herpesvirus; Haliotivirus Savin et al., 2010; Haliotid herpesvirus 1;

Aurivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, and one of only two genera the family Malacoherpesviridae. Haliotid molluscs serve as natural hosts. There is only one species described in this genus, Aurivirus haliotidmalaco1, also called Haliotid herpesvirus 1 (AbHV-1) and commonly known as abalone herpesvirus. A disease associated with this virus is acute ganglioneuritis.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Discovery

In 2005 there was an outbreak of acute ganglioneuritis in an Australian population of the edible gastropod mollusc, abalone (Haliotis laevigata and H. rubra).^[5] Potential herpesvirus particles had also been identified previously in Taiwan following mortalities in H. diversicolor. Using transmission electron microscopy, herpes-like particles were observed in ganglia of affected abalone and purified virions from moribund abalone nervous tissues were identified as resembling those of herpesviruses.^[1]

A diagnostic PCR test was developed to detect the virus in 2010. The test detected viral DNA sequences in diseased abalone from separate geographical locations in Australia and in DNA isolated from a herpes-like virus found previously in Taiwan. Savin et al. (2010) purified abalone virus particles and isolated and sequenced genomic DNA of Abalone herpesvirus.^[1]

Structure

Abalone herpesvirus is enveloped, with spherical to pleomorphic geometry, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150 nm. The genome is linear and non-segmented, around 212kb in length.^[2]

Genus	Structure	Symmetry	Capsid	Genomic arrangement	Genomic segmentation
Aurivirus	Spherical pleomorphic	T=16	Enveloped	Linear	Monopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Haliotid molluscs serve as the natural hosts,^[2] including Haliotis diversicolor.^[1]

Genus	Host details	Tissue tropism	Entry details	Release details	Replication site	Assembly site	Transmission
Aurivirus	Haliotid molluscs	B-lymphocytes	Glycoprotiens	Budding	Nucleus	Nucleus	Sex; saliva

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Savin, K. W.; Cocks, B. G.; Wong, F.; Sawbridge, T.; Cogan, N.; Savage, D.; Warner, S. (2010). "A neurotropic herpesvirus infecting the gastropod, abalone, shares ancestry with oyster herpesvirus and a herpesvirus associated with the amphioxus genome". Virology Journal. 7: 308. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-7-308. PMC 2994540. PMID 21062506.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2023 Release". ictv.global. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. 30 October 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
^ "History of the taxon: Species: Aurivirus haliotidmalaco1 (2023 Release, MSL #39)". ictv.global. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
^ Hooper, C.; Hardy-Smith, P.; Handlinger, J. (2007). "Ganglioneuritis causing high mortalities in farmed Australian abalone (Haliotis laevigata and Haliotis rubra)". Australian Veterinary Journal. 85 (5): 188–193. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2007.00155.x. ISSN 0005-0423. PMID 17470067.

External links

[Savin_2010-1] Savin, K. W.; Cocks, B. G.; Wong, F.; Sawbridge, T.; Cogan, N.; Savage, D.; Warner, S. (2010). "A neurotropic herpesvirus infecting the gastropod, abalone, shares ancestry with oyster herpesvirus and a herpesvirus associated with the amphioxus genome". Virology Journal. 7: 308. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-7-308. PMC 2994540. PMID 21062506.

[ViralZone-2] "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13 August 2015.

[ICTV-3] "Virus Taxonomy: 2023 Release". ictv.global. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. 30 October 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2025.

[ICTV2-4] "History of the taxon: Species: Aurivirus haliotidmalaco1 (2023 Release, MSL #39)". ictv.global. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 28 January 2025.

[5] Hooper, C.; Hardy-Smith, P.; Handlinger, J. (2007). "Ganglioneuritis causing high mortalities in farmed Australian abalone (Haliotis laevigata and Haliotis rubra)". Australian Veterinary Journal. 85 (5): 188–193. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2007.00155.x. ISSN 0005-0423. PMID 17470067.

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