Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4

Lymphocryptovirus macacinegamma4
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Duplodnaviria
Kingdom:	Heunggongvirae
Phylum:	Peploviricota
Class:	Herviviricetes
Order:	Herpesvirales
Family:	Orthoherpesviridae
Genus:	Lymphocryptovirus
Species:	Lymphocryptovirus macacinegamma4
Synonyms
	Rhesus lymphocryptovirus; Cercopithecine herpesvirus 15; Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4; Rhesus HHV-4-like virus; Rhesus Epstein Barr virus; Rhesus EBV-like herpesvirus;

Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4 (McHV-4), commonly known as rhesus lymphocryptovirus (RLV), is a species of virus in the genus Lymphocryptovirus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales.^[1]^[2]

In nature, RLV infects rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Comparison with Epstein-Barr virus

Its genetic structure has been fully sequenced and found to be highly homologous with that of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), at 65%. The structural proteins are highly conserved, while genes expressed during Human gammaherpesvirus 4 latent infection are much less well conserved. Even in cases where genes have low homology, the RLV infection genes are functionally interchangeable with EBV genes.^[3]

RLV infection in rhesus monkeys resembles EBV infection in humans in several respects:

Oral transmission,
Atypical lymphocytosis
Lymphadenopathy
Activation of CD23+ peripheral blood B cells
Sustained serologic responses to lytic and latent Human gammaherpesvirus 4 antigens
Latent infection in the peripheral blood
Virus persistence in oropharyngeal secretions

These features make the rhesus lymphocryptovirus potentially useful for studying the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of EBV infection and associated oncogenesis.^[4]

References

^ "ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
^ "History of the taxon: Species: Lymphocryptovirus macacinegamma4 (2023 Release, MSL #39)". ictv.global. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
^ Rivailler P, Jiang H, Cho YG, Quink C, Wang F (2002). "Complete nucleotide sequence of the rhesus lymphocryptovirus: genetic validation for an Epstein-Barr virus animal model". J. Virol. 76 (1): 421–6. doi:10.1128/jvi.76.1.421-426.2002. PMC 135707. PMID 11739708.
^ Amir Moghaddam; Michael Rosenzweig; David Lee-Parritz; Bethany Annis; R. Paul Johnson; Fred Wang (1997). "An Animal Model for Acute and Persistent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection". Science. 276 (5321): 2030–2033. doi:10.1126/science.276.5321.2030. PMID 9197263.

[1] "ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.

[2] "History of the taxon: Species: Lymphocryptovirus macacinegamma4 (2023 Release, MSL #39)". ictv.global. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 30 January 2025.

[3] Rivailler P, Jiang H, Cho YG, Quink C, Wang F (2002). "Complete nucleotide sequence of the rhesus lymphocryptovirus: genetic validation for an Epstein-Barr virus animal model". J. Virol. 76 (1): 421–6. doi:10.1128/jvi.76.1.421-426.2002. PMC 135707. PMID 11739708.

[4] Amir Moghaddam; Michael Rosenzweig; David Lee-Parritz; Bethany Annis; R. Paul Johnson; Fred Wang (1997). "An Animal Model for Acute and Persistent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection". Science. 276 (5321): 2030–2033. doi:10.1126/science.276.5321.2030. PMID 9197263.

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Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4

Comparison with Epstein-Barr virus

References

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