Bacterial kidney disease (BKD , also known as white boil disease ) is a systemic infection caused by the bacterium Renibacterium salmoninarum salmonid . BKD was originally discovered in the Scottish rivers of Dee and Spey in 1933.
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Notes
^ Bullock, G.; Herman, R. (1998), Bacterial Kidney Disease of Salmonid Fishes Caused by Renibacterium Salmoninarum Leetown Science Center, archived from the original on 2009-05-07, retrieved 2009-05-30 ^ Bacterial Kidney Disease Fisheries Research Services , retrieved 2009-06-06 ^ Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) , retrieved 2009-06-06 [permanent dead link ] ^ Bacterial Kidney Disease Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health , archived from the original on 2007-09-04, retrieved 2009-05-31 ^ DNR - Bacterial Kidney Disease Michigan Department of Natural Resources , retrieved 2009-05-30 ^ Transmission of Renibacterium Salmoninarum in Pacific Salmonids United States Geological Survey , archived from the original on 2009-08-25, retrieved 2009-06-08 ^ Bacterial Kidney Disease (Renibacterium salmoninarum) the original on 2008-08-03, retrieved 2009-06-06
References
Eissa, A.E., 2005. Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in Michigan salmonids. PhD Dissertation. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.210pp
Disease in Salmonid Fish, Detected by Nested Reverse Transcription-PCR of 16S rRNA Sequences (PDF) , University of Iceland , Institute for Experimental Pathology, 1994-09-05, retrieved 2009-05-31 Noga, E. (January 1996), Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment John Wiley & Sons , ISBN 9780813825588 , retrieved 2009-06-19 Barton, T. A.; Bannister, L. A.; Griffiths, S. G.; Lynch, W. H. (1997-07-07), "Further Characterization of Renibacterium salmoninarum Extracellular Products" , Applied and Environmental Microbiology , 63 (10), American Society for Microbiology : 3770– 3775, Bibcode :1997ApEnM..63.3770B , doi :10.1128/aem.63.10.3770-3775.1997 , PMC 168686 PMID 9480644 , retrieved 2009-07-08 Molecular Diversity of Renibacterium salmoninarum Isolates Determined by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis (PDF) , vol. 66, American Society for Microbiology, 1999-10-22, retrieved 2009-07-16 Bacterial Kidney Disease (PDF) , Health & Consumers DG , 1999-12-08, retrieved 2009-05-30 Hamel, O. (2001), The Dynamics and Effects of Bacterial Kidney Disease in Snake River Spring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)(PDF) , University of Washington , retrieved 2009-06-06 Jannson, E. (2002), Bacterial Kidney Disease in salmonid fish (PDF) , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-20, retrieved 2009-06-06 Bacterial Kidney Disease: Challenges for the 21st Century (PDF) , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , 2006-02-15, archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-24, retrieved 2009-05-31 Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) – Detection and Control in Great Britain (PDF) , Finfish News, 2007, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-07, retrieved 2009-06-06 Renibacterium salmoninarum (Bacterial Kidney Disease, BKD) (PDF) , American Fisheries Society , 2007, retrieved 2009-06-08 [permanent dead link ] Austin, B.; Austin, D. (May 2007), Bacterial Fish Pathogens Springer Science+Business Media , ISBN 9781402060687 Burnett, Jeffrey (June 2008), Genetic Variation of Renibacterium salmoninarum Genes in Infected Salmonids (PDF) , Oregon State University , retrieved 2009-06-06 [permanent dead link ]
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