Horst Ademeit

Horst Ademeit
Horst Ademeit
Born	8 February 1912; Breslau, German Empire
Died	7 August 1944 (aged 32) (MIA); disappeared near Dünaburg
Allegiance	Nazi Germany
Service / branch	Luftwaffe
Years of service	1936–1944
Rank	Major (majr)
Unit	JG 54
Commands	I./JG 54
Battles / wars	See battles World War II Battle of Britain; Operation Barbarossa; Eastern Front (MIA);
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

Horst Ademeit (8 February 1912 – 7 August 1944) was a German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) during World War II.^[1] Ademeit fought in the Battle of Britain and the Eastern Front where he was officially credited with 166 aerial victories before his disappearance during a mission over Latvia on 7 August 1944.

Early life

Horst Ademeit was born on 8 February 1912 in Breslau in the Kingdom of Prussia of the German Empire (present-day Wrocław, Poland) the son of Walter Ademeit, a Regierungsbaurat (government building officer). He studied chemistry at the Königsberg Albertina University and was a member of the Corps Masovia Königsberg. In 1933, he transferred to the Technische Hochschulen in Charlottenburg, Berlin (now Technische Universität Berlin) while his family had moved to nearby Potsdam, where his father was leading the construction of the Niederfinow Boat Lift.

On 1 August 1936, Ademeit joined the Luftwaffe as a reservist.^[2] He graduated as Diplom Ingenieur from the Technische Hochschulen in Braunschweig (now Technische Universität Braunschweig) in 1938. On 9 December 1938, Ademeit was made an officer cadet of the reserves and received flight training.^[2]

World War II

In the spring of 1940, Unteroffizier Ademeit was transferred to 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) Grünherz and participated in the Battle of Britain.^{[Note 1]} He claimed his first aerial victory during the Battle of Britain on 18 September 1940. However, shortly afterwards he was shot down over the English Channel, bailing out and rescued by the Seenotdienst unharmed.

In June 1941, after the German invasion of Soviet Union, Ademeit accompanied I./JG 54 to the Eastern Front. In quick succession he achieved aerial victories, promotions and awards. On 7 March 1943, Ademeit was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 6. Staffel of JG 54, replacing Oberleutnant Hans Beißwenger who was killed in action the day before.^[3] In October 1943, Ademeit was credited with his 100th aerial victory. He was the 61st Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.^[4]

On 4 February 1944, Ademeit succeeded Hauptmann Walter Nowotny as Gruppenkommandeur (group commander of I. Gruppe of JG 54.^[5] On 14 February, I. Gruppe moved to an airfield named Wesenberg near Rakvere, located approximately 60 kilometers (37 miles) north of Lake Peipus and 105 kilometers (65 miles) west of Narva. Here the Gruppe was subordinated to the 3. Flieger-Division (3rd Air Division) and fought in the Battle of Narva.^[6]

Disappearance

On 7 August 1944, Ademeit, flying a Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-5 (Werksnummer 5960 — factory number) led a flight of four Fw 190s to the combat area near Kreutzburg on the right bank of the Daugava, where they intecepted a flight of ten Ilyushin Il-2s and Yakovlev Yak-9 fighters at 15:17. His wingman, Gefreiter Biebrichter, later reported that Ademeit was last seen in pursuit of an Il-2 into a thick cloud of smoke.^[7] He pursued the Il-2 eastwards near Dünaburg across the front line, but failed to return from this mission and was considered missing in action.^[8]

Ademeit was succeeded by Hauptmann Franz Eisenach as commander of I. Gruppe.^[9] Berlin radio announced his loss on 29 September 1944.^[10] Ademeit was officially credited with 166 victories in over 600 missions over the Eastern Front. He was posthumously promoted to Major.^[8]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to American historian David T. Zabecki, Ademeit was credited with 166 aerial victories.^[11] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found documentation for 160 aerial victory claims, all of which confirmed and claimed on the Eastern Front.^[12] The authors Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock list six further victories, aerial victories numbered 99–104, which were not documented by Mathews and Foreman, in the timeframe 18 September to 3 October 1943.^[13]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 2525". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km²). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.^[14]

Chronicle of aerial victories
This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Ademeit an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day. This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Balke, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –^[15] Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941
1	23 June 1941	10:13	SB-2	PQ 2525^[16]	8	24 September 1941	10:11	I-15^[17]?^{[Note 2]}
2	6 July 1941	17:35	SB-3^[16]		9	7 October 1941	16:25	MBR-2^[18]
3	7 August 1941	18:13	I-16^[19]		10	9 October 1941	07:47	I-26 (Yak-1)^[18]
4	27 August 1941	19:00	I-16^[17]		11	12 October 1941	09:57	U-2^[18]
5	5 September 1941	17:35	I-26 (Yak-1)^[17]		12	25 October 1941	13:27	I-18 (MiG-1)^[18]
6	5 September 1941	18:04	R-5^[17]		13	6 November 1941	12:42	Pe-2^[20]
7	23 September 1941	13:17	I-153^[17]		14	3 December 1941	12:11	I-16^[20]
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –^[15] Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 30 April 1942
15	8 January 1942	09:55	I-26 (Yak-1)^[21]		18	7 February 1942	08:33	I-18 (MiG-1)^[22]
16	8 January 1942	13:14	SB-2	Guijka^[21]	19	16 February 1942	07:45	Il-2^[22]
17	20 January 1942	11:23	I-26 (Yak-1)^[21]		20	18 February 1942	13:15	I-16^[22]
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –^[15] Eastern Front — 1 May 1942 – 3 February 1943
21	5 May 1942	18:42	Yak-1	Leningrad^[23]	29	9 September 1942	18:10?^{[Note 3]}	MiG-3	PQ 11802^[24] 35 km (22 mi) northwest of Volkhov
22	10 May 1942	06:50	P-40	PQ 10621^[23]	30	22 October 1942	07:35	I-153	PQ 11762^[25] over Lake Ladoga
23	12 May 1942	11:10	Yak-1	east of Possademkowo^[23]	31	6 November 1942	08:22	P-40	northern Leningrad^[25]
24	12 May 1942	11:15	Yak-1	PQ 10463^[23]	32	16 December 1942	09:35	Pe-2	PQ 11852^[26] 40 km (25 mi) northwest of Volkhov
25	29 May 1942	10:20	SB-3^[27]		33	12 January 1943	09:20	Il-2	PQ 10151^[28] southeast of Shlisselburg
26	30 May 1942	05:32	MiG-3^[27]		34	12 January 1943	14:08	Yak-1	PQ 10182^[28] vicinity of Shlisselburg
27	30 May 1942	18:34	P-40^[27]		35	27 January 1943	09:30	Il-2	PQ 00294^[29] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Mga
28	8 June 1942	15:25	P-40^[27]		36	27 January 1943	14:40	LaGG-3	PQ 10123^[29] east of Shlisselburg
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –^[15] Eastern Front — February 1943
37	11 February 1943	09:58	Il-2	PQ 36 Ost 00454^[30] 15 km (9.3 mi) east-southeast of Sluzk	42	22 February 1943	15:05	Il-2	PQ 36 Ost 10123^[31] east of Shlisselburg
38	11 February 1943	10:00	Il-2	PQ 36 Ost 00424^[30] Pushkin-Mga	43	23 February 1943	07:05	Il-2	PQ 36 Ost 10151^[31] southeast of Shlisselburg
39	15 February 1943	07:50	LaGG-3	PQ 36 Ost 10483^[30] 35 km (22 mi) northeast of Lyuban	44	23 February 1943	11:15	La-5	PQ 36 Ost 10172^[31] 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Leningrad
40	18 February 1943	09:35	La-5	PQ 36 Ost 10444^[30] 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Mga	45	27 February 1943	08:35	LaGG-3	PQ 36 Ost 10254^[31] 30 km (19 mi) west-southwest of Shlisselburg
41	21 February 1943	13:25	La-5	PQ 36 Ost 10454^[31] 40 km (25 mi) northeast of Lyuban
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –^[32] Eastern Front — March – 31 December 1943
46	13 March 1943	15:16	R-5	PQ 36 Ost 20122, north of Wolchowstroj^[33] west of Volkhov	73	2 August 1943	08:51	Yak-7	PQ 36 Ost 10184^[34] east of Mga
47	15 March 1943	15:55	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 18284^[33] 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Staraya Russa	74	2 August 1943	13:19	Yak-7	PQ 36 Ost 10161^[34] southeast of Shlisselburg
48	16 March 1943	15:20	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 18342^[33] 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Staraya Russa	75	2 August 1943	19:22	La-5	PQ 36 Ost 10354^[34] 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Mga
49	19 March 1943	10:00	Il-2	PQ 36 Ost 00411^[33] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Pushkin	76	7 August 1943	11:05	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 54818^[34] 35 km (22 mi) west-southwest of Bolkhov
50	21 March 1943	12:03	La-5	PQ 36 Ost 00271^[33] 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Pushkin	77	7 August 1943	14:02	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 54684^[34] 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Bolkhov
51	23 March 1943	17:10	P-40	PQ 36 Ost 00412^[33] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Pushkin	78	14 August 1943	05:00	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 45772^[35] 15 km (9.3 mi) west-southwest of Kirov
52	25 March 1943	07:50	Yak-1	PQ 36 Ost 00283^[33] 20 km (12 mi) west of Mga	79	16 August 1943	13:28	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 45752, northwest of Kirov^[35] 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Kirov
53	3 April 1943	18:15	Yak-1	PQ 36 Ost RD 57^[33]	80	17 August 1943	08:52	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 44583^[35] 20 km (12 mi) west of Karachev
54	1 June 1943	16:17	LaGG-3	PQ 36 Ost 21774^[36] 30 km (19 mi) north of Volkhov	81	17 August 1943	09:27	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 43663^[35] 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Dmitrowsk
55	5 June 1943	12:13	LaGG-3	PQ 36 Ost 21752^[36] 30 km (19 mi) north of Volkhov	82	20 August 1943	06:22	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 43824^[35] 15 km (9.3 mi) east-northeast of Sevsk
56	12 June 1943	11:25	La-5	PQ 26 Ost 90131^[36] 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Lomonossow	83	21 August 1943	16:42	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 43853^[35] 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Sevsk
57	18 June 1943	17:15	LaGG-3	PQ 36 Ost 20174^[37] south of Volchov	84	22 August 1943	06:22	P-39	PQ 35 Ost 4382^[35]
58	18 June 1943	17:17	La-5	PQ 36 Ost 20421^[37] 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Volkhov	85	23 August 1943	10:00	P-39	PQ 35 Ost 43893^[38] 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Sevsk
59	22 June 1943	19:22?^{[Note 4]}	LaGG-3	PQ 36 Ost 01751^[37] 20 km (12 mi) north of Leningrad	86	23 August 1943	18:35	P-39	PQ 35 Ost 43851^[38] 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Sevsk
60	12 July 1943	18:27?^{[Note 5]}	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 64863^[37] 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Mtsensk	87	24 August 1943	14:55	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 44472^[38] 15 km (9.3 mi) east-southeast of Datkovo
61	13 July 1943	06:53	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 63293^[37] 55 km (34 mi) southeast of Oryol	88	28 August 1943	11:47	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 43674^[38] 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Sevsk
62	13 July 1943	06:54	Yak-7	PQ 35 Ost 63261^[37] 55 km (34 mi) east-southeast of Oryol	89	30 August 1943	14:21	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 35611^[38] 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Yelnya
63	13 July 1943	06:56	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 63234^[37] 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Mtsensk	90	31 August 1943	06:47	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 35624^[38] 20 km (12 mi) west-northwest of Spas-Demensk
64	13 July 1943	11:06	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 63283^[37] 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Mtsensk	91	31 August 1943	15:28	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 35582^[38] 30 km (19 mi) south of Yelnya
65	14 July 1943	14:10	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 54353^[40] 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Zhizdra	92	31 August 1943	15:38	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 35384, southwest of Jelnja^[38] 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Yelnya
66	16 July 1943	18:45	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 63524^[40] 15 km (9.3 mi) west-northwest of Maloarkhangelsk	93	2 September 1943	12:30	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 35381^[38] 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Yelnya
67	17 July 1943	06:42	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 54474^[40] 25 km (16 mi) west-northwest of Bolkhov	94	4 September 1943	17:02	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 35374^[41] 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Yelnya
68	21 July 1943	17:18	Pe-2	PQ 35 Ost 53462^[40] 40 km (25 mi) south-southwest of Oryol	95	4 September 1943	17:06	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 35371, west of Jelnja^[41] 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Yelnya
69	28 July 1943	09:14	La-5	PQ 36 Ost 10154^[34] southeast of Shlisselburg	96	5 September 1943	11:13	P-39	PQ 35 Ost 25631^[41] 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Yelnya
70	28 July 1943	09:17	Yak-7	PQ 36 Ost 10331^[34] 20 km (12 mi) east-southeast of Mga	97	5 September 1943	13:28	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 26814^[41] 20 km (12 mi) north-northwest of Yartsevo
71	28 July 1943	09:25	La-5	PQ 36 Ost 10334^[34] 20 km (12 mi) east-southeast of Mga	98	10 September 1943	10:50	Hurricane	PQ 35 Ost 35372, northwest of Yelnya^[41] 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Yelnya
72	31 July 1943	18:15	La-5	PQ 36 Ost 10243^[34] 25 km (16 mi) east-southeast of Shlisselburg
According to Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, Ademeit claimed aerial victories 99–104, which were not documented, in the timeframe 18 September to 3 October 1943.^[13] These six claims are not listed by Mathews and Foreman.^[12]
105	7 October 1943	16:12	La-5	southeast of Kotitschi^[13] southeast of Ashitka	118♠	12 October 1943	16:08	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 10131^[42] east of Shlisselburg
106	7 October 1943	16:14	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 01214^[13] Lake Ladoga	119	13 October 1943	15:40	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 01334^[42] 70 km (43 mi) northeast of Zelenogorsk
107	7 October 1943	16:19	La-5	west of Tchernin^[13] west of Tschermin	120	14 October 1943	07:40	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 11512^[42] over Lake Ladoga
108	9 October 1943	11:32	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 01334^[13] 70 km (43 mi) northeast of Zelenogorsk	121	20 October 1943	14:11	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 01191^[42]
109	10 October 1943	15:55	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 11781^[13] over Lake Ladoga	122	20 October 1943	15:42	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 01391^[42] 60 km (37 mi) northeast of Zelenogorsk
110	10 October 1943	16:15	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 10121^[13] east of Shlisselburg	123	21 October 1943	07:12	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 11793^[42] 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Shlisselburg
111	11 October 1943	10:12	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 01122^[13]	124	21 October 1943	07:29	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 10111^[42] vicinity of Shlisselburg
112	11 October 1943	15:51	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 10121^[42] east of Shlisselburg	125	21 October 1943	07:30	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 11773^[42] over Lake Ladoga
113♠	12 October 1943	08:25	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 10122^[42] east of Shlisselburg	126	21 October 1943	09:52	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 10124^[42] east of Shlisselburg
114♠	12 October 1943	08:30	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 11784^[42] over Lake Ladoga	127	12 December 1943	07:28	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 00154^[43] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Leningrad
115♠	12 October 1943	10:43	Pe-2	PQ 35 Ost 11791^[42] over Lake Ladoga	128	12 December 1943	07:30	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 01783^[43] 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Leningrad
116♠	12 October 1943	10:43	Pe-2	PQ 35 Ost 11791^[42] over Lake Ladoga	129	15 December 1943	07:20	Yak-9	PQ 25 Ost 91393^[43] 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Vyborg
117♠	12 October 1943	11:22	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 11763^[42] over Lake Ladoga	130	17 December 1943	08:08	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 00161^[43]
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –^[44] Eastern Front — 1 January – 3 February 1944
131	11 January 1944	14:00	Pe-2	PQ 26 Ost 80874^[45] 40 km (25 mi) south-southeast of Narva	135	15 January 1944	09:15	La-5?^{[Note 6]}	PQ 26 Ost 80821^[45] 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Narva
132	14 January 1944	11:12?^{[Note 7]}	Il-2	PQ 26 Ost 80691^[45] 35 km (22 mi) east-southeast of Narva	136	15 January 1944	09:20	La-5	PQ 26 Ost 80824^[45] 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Narva
133	15 January 1944	09:10	La-5	PQ 26 Ost 80831^[45] 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Narva	137	24 January 1944	14:14	La-5	PQ 26 Ost 80434^[46] Gulf of Finland, northeast of Hungerburg
134	15 January 1944	09:13	La-5	PQ 26 Ost 80822^[45] 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Narva
– Stab I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 –^[44] Eastern Front — 4 February – 7 August 1944
138	7 February 1944	10:41	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 05132^[47]	153	29 June 1944	19:47	P-39	PQ NS-8/1^[48]
139	5 March 1944	09:27?^{[Note 8]}	La-5	PQ 26 Ost 70821^[47] 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Narva	154	2 July 1944	08:00	Pe-2	PQ OS-8/2^[49]
140	5 March 1944	12:20	La-5	PQ 26 Ost 70832^[47] 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Narva	155	2 July 1944	10:48	P-39	PQ OS-6/4^[49] vicinity of Polotsk
141	5 March 1944	12:45	La-5	PQ 26 Ost 80574^[47] southwest of Narva	156	2 July 1944	17:25	P-39	PQ OT-7/6^[49] northeast of Polotsk
142	9 March 1944	08:46	Il-2?^{[Note 9]}	PQ 26 Ost 70524^[50] 45 km (28 mi) west of Hungerburg	157	3 July 1944	12:35	Yak-9	PQ OS-4/3^[49] vicinity of Polotsk
143	9 March 1944	11:40	Il-2	PQ 26 Ost 80682^[50] 30 km (19 mi) southwest of Narva	158	3 July 1944	12:38	Yak-9	PQ OS-7/6^[49] vicinity of Polotsk
144	18 March 1944	15:43	La-5	PQ 26 Ost 70182^[50] 50 km (31 mi) northeast of Kunda	159	21 July 1944	09:21?^{[Note 10]}	Il-2	PQ OL-2/3^[49]
145	19 March 1944	10:35	Yak-9	PQ 26 Ost 80573^[50] vicinity of Hungerburg	160	21 July 1944	09:26	P-39	PQ NM-8/6^[49]
146	23 March 1944	11:30?^{[Note 11]}	Yak-9	PQ 26 Ost 70593^[50] 55 km (34 mi) southeast of Kunda	161	21 July 1944	19:09?^{[Note 12]}	La-5	PQ NN-1/8^[49]
147	28 March 1944	16:18?^{[Note 13]}	LaGG-3?^{[Note 13]}	PQ 25 Ost 89231^[50] 80 km (50 mi) northeast of Opotschka	162	22 July 1944	09:26	Yak-9	PQ NM-9/7^[51]
148	30 March 1944	08:30	La-5	PQ 26 Ost 6025^[50]	163	23 July 1944	14:17	Il-2	PQ NN-7/4^[51] vicinity of Daugavpils
149	21 April 1944	14:25	Yak-9	15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Narva^[50]	164	23 July 1944	14:20	Yak-9	PQ NN-7/5^[51] vicinity of Daugavpils
150	28 May 1944	08:32	LaGG-3	PQ 26 Ost 70691^[48] 15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Narva	165	25 July 1944	13:58	P-39	PQ ON-6/6^[51]
151	28 June 1944	08:12?^{[Note 14]}	P-39^[48]		166	27 July 1944	15:50	Pe-2	PQ NN-7/5^[51] vicinity of Mitau
152	29 June 1944	04:18	Yak-9	PQ NR-5/3^[48]

Awards

Iron Cross (1939)
- 2nd Class (7 September 1940)^[52]
- 1st Class (5 September 1941)^[52]
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for fighter pilots in Gold and Penant
Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 8 December 1941 as Leutnant and pilot^[8]^[53]
German Cross in Gold on 25 February 1942 as Leutnant in the 1./Jagdgeschwader 54^[54]
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
- Knight's Cross on 16 April 1943 as Leutnant (war officer) and pilot in the I./Jagdgeschwader 54^[55]^[56]
- 414th Oak Leaves on 2 March 1944 as Hauptmann (war officer) and Gruppenkommandeur of the I./Jagdgeschwader 54^[55]^[57]

Notes

^ For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see Luftwaffe Organization
^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Polikarpov I-153.^[15]
^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 18:30.^[15]
^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 19:20.^[39]
^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 18:20.^[39]
^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Petlyakov Pe-2.^[44]
^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:02.^[44]
^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 09:07.^[44]
^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Lavochkin La-5.^[44]
^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 09:31.^[44]
^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:26.^[44]
^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 19:00.^[44]
^ ^a ^b According to Mathews and Foreman claimed over a Lavochkin La-5 at 16:19.^[44]
^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 08:52.^[44]

References

Citations

^ Spick 1996, pp. 3–4.
^ ^a ^b Stockert 2007, p. 29.
^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 264.
^ Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
^ Weal 2001, p. 118.
^ Prien et al. 2022, p. 315.
^ Bergström 2008, p. 81.
^ ^a ^b ^c Obermaier 1989, p. 60.
^ Prien et al. 2022, p. 375.
^ Associated Press, "Nazi Air Ace Lost", The San Bernardino Daily Sun, San Bernardino, California, Saturday 30 September 1944, Volume 51, page 1.
^ Zabecki 2019, p. 329.
^ ^a ^b Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 5–7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Prien et al. 2012, p. 278.
^ Planquadrat.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 5.
^ ^a ^b Prien et al. 2003, p. 199.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Prien et al. 2003, p. 202.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Prien et al. 2003, p. 203.
^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 201.
^ ^a ^b Prien et al. 2003, p. 204.
^ ^a ^b ^c Prien et al. 2005, p. 199.
^ ^a ^b ^c Prien et al. 2005, p. 200.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Prien et al. 2006, p. 85.
^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 93.
^ ^a ^b Prien et al. 2006, p. 94.
^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 95.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Prien et al. 2006, p. 86.
^ ^a ^b Prien et al. 2006, p. 96.
^ ^a ^b Prien et al. 2006, p. 100.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Prien et al. 2012, p. 169.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Prien et al. 2012, p. 170.
^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 5–6.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Prien et al. 2012, p. 270.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Prien et al. 2012, p. 274.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Prien et al. 2012, p. 275.
^ ^a ^b ^c Prien et al. 2012, p. 271.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Prien et al. 2012, p. 272.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Prien et al. 2012, p. 276.
^ ^a ^b Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 6.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Prien et al. 2012, p. 273.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Prien et al. 2012, p. 277.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Prien et al. 2012, p. 279.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Prien et al. 2012, p. 282.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Prien et al. 2022, p. 475.
^ Prien et al. 2022, p. 476.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Prien et al. 2022, p. 380.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Prien et al. 2022, p. 383.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Prien et al. 2022, p. 384.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Prien et al. 2022, p. 381.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Prien et al. 2022, p. 385.
^ ^a ^b Thomas 1997, p. 2.
^ Patzwall 2008, p. 40.
^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 11.
^ ^a ^b Scherzer 2007, p. 188.
^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 113.
^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 79.

Bibliography

Bergström, Christer [in Swedish] (2008). Bagration to Berlin – The Final Air Battles in the East: 1944–1945. Ian Allan. ISBN 978-1-903223-91-8.
Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9.
Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/II—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/II—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-70-0.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2005). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-76-2.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/III—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/III—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-78-6.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/III—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/III—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-07-9.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Balke, Ulf; Bock, Winfried (2022). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 15/II—Einsatz im Osten—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 15/II—Action in the East—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-28-4.
Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
Stockert, Peter (2007). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 5 [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 5] (in German). Bad Friedrichshall, Germany: Friedrichshaller Rundblick. OCLC 76072662.
Thomas, Franz (1997). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1: A–K [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1: A–K] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2299-6.
Weal, John (2001). Jagdgeschwader 54 "Grünherz". Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 6. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-286-9.
Zabecki, David T., ed. (2019). The German War Machine in World War II. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-44-086918-1.

[3] For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see Luftwaffe Organization

[19] According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Polikarpov I-153.^[15]

[26] According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 18:30.^[15]

[43] According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 19:20.^[39]

[44] According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 18:20.^[39]

[51] According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Petlyakov Pe-2.^[44]

[52] According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:02.^[44]

[56] According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 09:07.^[44]

[58] According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Lavochkin La-5.^[44]

[60] According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 09:31.^[44]

[61] According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:26.^[44]

[62] According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 19:00.^[44]

[16:19-63] According to Mathews and Foreman claimed over a Lavochkin La-5 at 16:19.^[44]

[65] According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 08:52.^[44]

[FOOTNOTESpick19963–4-1] Spick 1996, pp. 3–4.

[FOOTNOTEStockert200729-2] Stockert 2007, p. 29.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012264-4] Prien et al. 2012, p. 264.

[FOOTNOTEObermaier1989243-5] Obermaier 1989, p. 243.

[FOOTNOTEWeal2001118-6] Weal 2001, p. 118.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerBalkeBock2022315-7] Prien et al. 2022, p. 315.

[FOOTNOTEBergström200881-8] Bergström 2008, p. 81.

[FOOTNOTEObermaier198960-9] Obermaier 1989, p. 60.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerBalkeBock2022375-10] Prien et al. 2022, p. 375.

[11] Associated Press, "Nazi Air Ace Lost", The San Bernardino Daily Sun, San Bernardino, California, Saturday 30 September 1944, Volume 51, page 1.

[FOOTNOTEZabecki2019329-12] Zabecki 2019, p. 329.

[FOOTNOTEMathewsForeman20145–7-13] Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 5–7.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012278-14] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Prien et al. 2012, p. 278.

[FOOTNOTE''Planquadrat''-15] Planquadrat.

[FOOTNOTEMathewsForeman20145-16] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 5.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2003199-17] Prien et al. 2003, p. 199.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2003202-18] Prien et al. 2003, p. 202.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2003203-20] Prien et al. 2003, p. 203.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2003201-21] Prien et al. 2003, p. 201.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2003204-22] Prien et al. 2003, p. 204.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2005199-23] Prien et al. 2005, p. 199.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2005200-24] Prien et al. 2005, p. 200.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock200685-25] Prien et al. 2006, p. 85.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock200693-27] Prien et al. 2006, p. 93.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock200694-28] Prien et al. 2006, p. 94.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock200695-29] Prien et al. 2006, p. 95.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock200686-30] Prien et al. 2006, p. 86.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock200696-31] Prien et al. 2006, p. 96.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2006100-32] Prien et al. 2006, p. 100.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012169-33] Prien et al. 2012, p. 169.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012170-34] Prien et al. 2012, p. 170.

[FOOTNOTEMathewsForeman20145–6-35] Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 5–6.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012270-36] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Prien et al. 2012, p. 270.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012274-37] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Prien et al. 2012, p. 274.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012275-38] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Prien et al. 2012, p. 275.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012271-39] Prien et al. 2012, p. 271.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012272-40] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Prien et al. 2012, p. 272.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012276-41] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Prien et al. 2012, p. 276.

[FOOTNOTEMathewsForeman20146-42] Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 6.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012273-45] Prien et al. 2012, p. 273.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012277-46] Prien et al. 2012, p. 277.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012279-47] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Prien et al. 2012, p. 279.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012282-48] Prien et al. 2012, p. 282.

[FOOTNOTEMathewsForeman20147-49] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 7.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerBalkeBock2022475-50] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Prien et al. 2022, p. 475.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerBalkeBock2022476-53] Prien et al. 2022, p. 476.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerBalkeBock2022380-54] Prien et al. 2022, p. 380.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerBalkeBock2022383-55] Prien et al. 2022, p. 383.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerBalkeBock2022384-57] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Prien et al. 2022, p. 384.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerBalkeBock2022381-59] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Prien et al. 2022, p. 381.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerBalkeBock2022385-64] Prien et al. 2022, p. 385.

[FOOTNOTEThomas19972-66] Thomas 1997, p. 2.

[FOOTNOTEPatzwall200840-67] Patzwall 2008, p. 40.

[FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer200111-68] Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 11.

[FOOTNOTEScherzer2007188-69] Scherzer 2007, p. 188.

[FOOTNOTEFellgiebel2000113-70] Fellgiebel 2000, p. 113.

[FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200079-71] Fellgiebel 2000, p. 79.

[1]

[2]

[Note 1]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[Note 2]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[Note 3]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[Note 4]

[Note 5]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[Note 6]

[Note 7]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[Note 8]

[49]

[Note 9]

[50]

[Note 10]

[Note 11]

[Note 12]

[Note 13]

[51]

[Note 14]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[39]