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Lords in the Baronage of Scotland
A Lord in the Baronage of Scotland is an ancient title of nobility, held in baroneum, which Latin term means that its holder, who is a lord, is also always a baron. The holder may or may not be a Lord of Regality, which meant that the holder was appointed by the Crown and had the power of "pit and gallows", meaning the power to authorise the death sentence. A Scottish Baron is below a Lord of Parliament (the Scottish equivalent of an English baron) which is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, while a Lord in the Baronage of Scotland is a noble dignity of higher degree than Baron, but below an Earl in the Baronage of Scotland, which is a baron of still higher degree than a lordship.[2] In the baronage there is only a small number of lordships compared to baronies, whilst earldoms are very rare.[3] While barons originally sat in parliament (along with Lords of Parliament and higher nobility who made up the peerage), all of the peerage, originally, was within the feudal system. Later, some of what used to be feudal lordships came to be known as peerages (such as that of The Right Honourable The Lord Forrester) while others were disponed, inherited by greater peers, or otherwise disqualified from the modern-day peerage. The feudal rights were gradually emasculated and, with the demise of the Scottish parliament in 1707, the right of barons to sit in parliament ceased altogether, unless, that is, a baron was also a peer (peerage rights are dealt with elsewhere). The rights of the baronage were all but abolished by Act of Parliament in 1747, following the Jacobite rising. Baronage titles no longer provide any political power as such, although the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 has preserved the noble titles themselves (and the quality, precedence and heraldic rights pertaining) and with the end of feudalism coming into force in 2004, the act converted extant feudal titles into personal dignities, no longer attached to the land. Only about 400 baronies are identified as existing in 1405.[4] Burke's Landed Gentry for Scotland lists only about 130. Few are lordships. Lords of regality, barons, lords and earls in the Baronage of Scotland are not to be confused with lairds (which is a Scottish term for property owner of a great estate) or a manorial lordship. UsageThe holder of the title Lord in the Baronage of Scotland, in similar fashion to the holder of a barony (e.g., "Lochaber"), has the title added to his existing name (e.g., "John Smith, Lord of Lochaber") or territorial designation added to his surname if they own the caput ("John Smith of Lochaber, Lord of Lochaber").[5][6][7] Lords are addressed as "Lord of Lochaber" or informally "Lord Lochaber" (noting that medieval feudal lords of higher dignity than baron were referred to informally without the of) or "His Lordship" or "My Lord" or interchangeably as "Baron of Lochaber" or just "Baron" or more intimately just "Lochaber". A female title holder or wife is "Lady Lochaber" or "My Lady" or "Baroness", but the husband of a Lady, who holds a lordship in her own right, is just plain "Mr Surname". The heir typically follows lordships in Scotland "Master of Lochaber" or barons in Scotland "Younger of Lochaber" for a son, for a daughter "Mistress of Lochaber" or '"Maid of Lochaber'". It can be a tradition of the family or a personal style of the holder for Lordships to be styled Lord or Baron interchangeably, both uses are correct and will not cause offence, in some cases female holders have been referred to in official documents as "Baroness of Lochaber" as a preference while male predecessors (and successors) were Lord. Sometimes in the most formal of occasions (for example an envelope) the prefix honorific style The Much Hon. (The Much Honoured) is put before the name, this prefix honorific is used to distinguish Scottish Barons from honorifics attaching to peers. E.g. The Much Hon. The Lord of Lochaber / Much Hon. Lord of Lochaber / Much Hon. John Smith, Lord of Lochaber / Much Hon. John, Lord of Lochaber Forms of address for Lords
Order of precedenceWallace states that in regards to Baronial titles:
The inference in terms of superiority from greater to lesser is thus: Duke, Marquess, Earl, Lord, Baron. (Note however that Lord Stair states that Lordships or Earldoms are "but more noble titles of a Barony".[2]) List of Lordships in the Baronage of ScotlandBelow is an incomplete list of Lordships created in the baronage, you can help by suggesting edits on the Talk page with evidence links. Note that for Lords in the Baronage of Scotland a baron is a lord and a lord is a baron and can be used interchangeable or as per the preference of the holder. While a Scots baron - that is not a lord - is only ever called baron. Titles in italics are subsidiary baronial titles held by the same lord. Titles linked and with The before the name is the holder's primary title.
a: The creation date is the earliest known date for the Lordship and subject to revision List of Baronies in the Baronage of ScotlandThe first degree of baronage nobility. Click here for a list of Baronies in the Baronage of Scotland List of Earldoms in the Baronage of ScotlandEarl is the third degree of baronage nobility, nobler than Baron (first) and Lord (second). Click here for a list of Earldoms in the Baronage of Scotland List of Marquisates and Dukedoms in the Baronage of ScotlandFourth and fifth degrees of baronage nobility, the noblest forms in the hierarchy. Click here for a list of Marquisates and Dukedoms in the Baronage of Scotland List of Lordships of RegalityHigher dignities compared to baronage titles, erected in liberam regalitatem. Click here for a list of Lordships of Regality See also
References
External linksInformation related to Lords in the Baronage of Scotland |
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