As an amateur, Arthur had around 50 bouts[3] and fought out of Collyhurst & Moston ABC. He competed in multiple national championships, including the 2012-13 ABA National Development Championships at 86 kg, losing out to Jermaine Kelly in the final.[4] At 81 kg, he won the 2013-14 ABA Senior Development Championships[5] and reached the finals of the 2014[6] and 2016[7] ABA Elite Championships, losing out to Joshua Buatsi and Tom Whittaker-Hart respectively. In 2016 he also fought in the World Series of Boxing for the British Lionhearts.[8]
On 4 November 2017, he gained a disqualification (DQ) win over Tayar Mehmed at the Bowlers Exhibition Centre in Manchester. After being repeatedly warned for spitting out his gum-shield, referee Darren Sarginson disqualified Mehmed in the fifth-round.[10][11]
In his sixteenth fight, with a record of 15–0 (12 KO), he faced Emmanuel Anim for the vacant Commonwealthlight-heavyweight title on 12 October 2019, at the First Direct Arena, Leeds. In a fight which saw Arthur go beyond six rounds for the first time in his professional career,[12] he dropped his opponent in the fourth round en route to a unanimous decision victory, with the judges' scorecards reading 117–111, 117–110 and 115–113.[13]
On 5 December 2020, Arthur defeated Yarde via Split Decision to retain his Commonwealth light- heavyweight title and win the vacant WBO Inter-Continental light-heavyweight title.[15]
On 4 December 2021 Yarde defeated Arthur in the rematch via knockout in the 4th round.[16]