Francisco Franco was officially invested with the title of Chief of State in the throne room at Burgos. He made a short and simple speech vowing to "try to raise Spain to the place that corresponds to her history and her rank in earlier times."[1]
In Austria, the Heimwehr expelled Emil Fey from its ranks and forbade other members of the organization from having any contact with him. Fey had been locked in a long rivalry with Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg for control of the Heimwehr.[4]
Jarrow March: 200 Hunger marchers in Jarrow began their march to London. They carried a petition with 11,572 signatures asking for government help. The marchers hoped to draw attention to the 68 percent unemployment rate in the town[10][11]
The Soviet Union issued an ultimatum threatening to take active involvement in the Spanish Civil War unless Portugal, Italy and Germany stopped aiding the Nationalists.[13]
German Panzer troops arrived in Spain to train Nationalist forces with tanks and AT guns.[14]
Germany fired back at the Soviet Union, saying that it was "hardly sincere" that Russia would "accuse other states of doing what it itself has long been doing." Germany denied sending airplanes or other military supplies to Spain.[15]
The first episode of the British television programme Picture Page was broadcast.
The European committee on neutrality in the Spanish Civil War met in London with representatives of 27 nations present. Many accusations were flung back and forth but no concrete proposals on how to resolve them were offered, and the meeting adjourned with no date set for another meeting.[16]
The Italian cabinet adopted Mussolini's recommendations for new national defense measures, most notably establishing a new work schedule for producers of war materials that increased the work week from 40 hours to 60.[17]
At least 310 people were killed by a typhoon that struck Luzon in the Philippines over the past two days.[18][19]
The London Gazette announced that women over 18 could be employed filling three inch mortar bombs. It was first time since the Great War that British women could work in munitions factories.[20]
200 fascists instigated a new wave of violence in London's East End, attacking Jews and smashing and looting the windows of Jewish shops until they were dispersed by police.[22]
10,000 leftists participated in an anti-Fascist demonstration in Victoria Park, London, with 5,000 police on hand. 50 Fascist youths attempted a rush to snatch a red flag and some people were slashed with razors.[22]
A shipment of 50 T-26 tanks and some BA-3 armoured cars from the Soviet Union arrived in Cartagena to aid the Spanish Republic.[23]
Cross-channel train ferry service began between Dover and Dunkirk. The service made it possible to ride in the same sleeping car from London all the way to Paris.[11]
Died:Félia Litvinne, 76, Russian-born French dramatic soprano
Uruguay barred "common transgressors, rogues, drug fiends, vagabonds, customary drunks and persons expelled from other nations" from entering the country.[24]
The American general interest magazine Coronet was first published.
Died:John H. Hill, African-American attorney, military officer, and school administrator, President of West Virginia State University (1894-1898) (b. 1852)
A divorce suit initiated by Wallis Simpson against her husband Ernest was set for October 27. "The case will not be defended", Mr. Simpson declared. "Beyond that I have no statement to make."[25]
Belgium withdrew from its treaty of mutual assistance with France due to France's failure to react to the German remilitarization of the Rhineland.[26]
The British press observed an unofficial policy of self-censorship and refrained from publishing reports of Mrs. Simpson's divorce proceedings. In the United States the story was front-page news.[28][29] The story was also reported freely in France, but the news was completely suppressed in Germany, Italy, Russia, Greece and the British Colonies.[30]
Jewish teachers were banned from public schools in Nazi Germany.[31]
Rumors of King Edward's relationship with Mrs. Simpson spread throughout England as the odds of Edward actually marrying her began to be weighed in the foreign press.[33][34] American newspapers began disappearing from British newsstands without explanation.[35] However, foreign magazines delivered to subscribers through the mail were arriving untouched.[36]
Paris went dark for one hour starting at 9:30 p.m. so a mock bombing raid could be conducted.[37]
The Sunday Referee somewhat broke the self-censorship policy of the British press by writing that "within the last day or so rumors from abroad have grown that the king is to marry before next May. If that were so, postponement (of his coronation) would be inevitable."[40]
60 were dead and 500 injured after five days of rioting between Hindus and Muslims in Bombay.[11]
New York World-Telegram reporter H.R. Ekins won a race against two other New York newspaper journalists to travel around the world on commercial airline flights. He accomplished the feat in 18-1/2 days. His opponents were New York Evening Journal reporter Dorothy Kilgallen, who finished in second place, and New York Times reporter Leo Kieran.[41] Despite Kilgallen's second-place finish, upon her return to New York, where she lived, many photographs of her were published in newspapers and magazines.[41]
The Belgian Rexist Party announced its intention to march on Brussels in a conscious imitation of Mussolini's March on Rome in order to "sweep out the Paul van Zeeland government and its corruption" despite a government order banning the march. Van Zeeland made a national radio address that evening appealing for calm and announcing measures that amounted to martial law.[44][45]
The British press continued to tiptoe around the Edward VIII abdication crisis. London publication The News Week wrote that "the effects of the unofficial censorship have been disastrous, giving the impression abroad that there is something to hide." The weekly publication Cavalcade, which had been running articles about the king and his friendship with Mrs. Simpson for weeks, ran a short notice of Simpson's divorce suit and mentioned that thousands of words had been published in the United States about it. The Guardian ran an article about the possibility of the king's coronation being postponed but avoided any direct explanation for why a postponement might take place.[47]
Dod Orsborne, captain of the Girl Pat was convicted and imprisoned of its theft, having caused a media sensation when it went missing.[48]
The Soviet Union informed the European committee of non-intervention in Spain that Russia would no longer be bound by the neutrality agreement. The note repeated the previous charge that Germany, Italy and Portugal had already violated the pact.[49]
Hitler ordered the Condor Legion to Spain to fight for the Nationalists.[11]
The alliance soon to be known as the Rome-Berlin Axis was formed when Germany and Italy agreed on a pact.[9]
The Rexist "March on Brussels" ended up as an embarrassment due to low turnout and rowdiness by those who did show up. Several hundred arrests were made and Rexist leader Léon Degrelle was taken into custody when he tried to address his followers, though he was soon released.[45][51]
At a meeting of Okinawan martial arts masters in Showa Kaikan Hall, Naha, Okinawa, it was decided to officially rename Te (or 'Tang Hand', 唐手道) the traditional systems of martial arts on the island, to Karate (or 'Empty Hand', 空手道), as well as introduce the Karategi and standardising rules and techniques in Karate.
Joseph Stalin responded to rumors that he was dead by releasing a handwritten note that read: "I know from reports of the foreign press that I long ago abandoned this sinful world and moved into the other world. As one cannot doubt such foreign press dispatches unless he wants to be expelled from the list of civilized people, I request you to believe them and don't disturb me in the calm of the other world. With respect, J. Stalin."[52]
A judge in Ipswich granted Wallis Simpson a divorce from her husband Ernest, on the grounds that he had been unfaithful. She would be free to marry again after six months.[53] British newspaper The Guardian reported the story but buried it on page 10.[54]
The Literary Digest published the final returns in its presidential election poll, projecting Alf Landon to beat President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Landon was forecast to carry 32 states worth 370 electoral votes, 104 more than required for election. The Literary Digest poll had correctly predicted the winner of every presidential election since 1920.[55]
^ abcCortada, James W., ed. (1982). Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 503. ISBN0-313-22054-9.
^Ruiz, Julius (2014). The 'Red Terror' and the Spanish Civil War. Cambridge University Press. pp. 185–186. ISBN978-1-107-05454-7.
^"Uruguay Bars 'Rogues, Dope Fiends, Vagabonds, Drunks'". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 14, 1936. p. 21.
^"Mrs. Simpson, Friend of King, Seeks Divorce". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 15, 1936. p. 1.
^Tucker, Spencer C. (2010). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 1868. ISBN978-1-85109-672-5.
^"King Ends Tradition Of Xmas Message". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 14, 1936. p. 1.
^"London Hushes Divorce Suit of King's Friend". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 16, 1936. p. 1.
^"Mrs. Simpson Charges Misconduct in Suit; Action Uncontested". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 15, 1936. p. 1.
^"All Save Three Nations At Last Read of King". Chicago Daily Tribune. December 4, 1936. p. 1.
^Brewer, Sam (November 18, 1936). "King and Wally Cause Questions in British House". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 7.
^"Paris Dark Tonight For Air Fleet 'Raid'". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 16, 1936. p. 2.
^Colodny, Robert Garland (2010). The Struggle for Madrid: The Central Epic of the Spanish Conflict, 1936–37. Transaction Publishers. p. 58. ISBN978-1-4128-3924-2.
^"Rebels Capture Illescas, 22 Mi. So. of Madrid". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 19, 1936. p. 5.
^"London Paper Says King May Wed by Spring". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 18, 1936. p. 2.
^"Nazis Welcome Son-in-Law of Duce to Berlin". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 21, 1936. p. 2.
^Schmitt, Robert C.; Ronck, Ronn (1995). Firsts and Almost Firsts in Hawai'i. University of Hawai'i Press. p. 54. ISBN978-0-8248-1282-9.
^"Belgian Fascists Plan March on Capital; Defy Cabinet Ban". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 23, 1936. p. 17.
^ abEpstein, Jonathan A. (2014). Belgium's Dilemma: The Formation of the Belgian Defense Policy, 1932–1940. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV. p. 168. ISBN978-90-04-26973-6.
