Part of a series on the
Evolutionary algorithm
Chromosome Fitness function Genetic operator Crossover Mutation Selection Population model
Genetic algorithm (GA)
Chromosome Clonal selection algorithm Fly algorithm Genetic fuzzy systems Genetic memory Schema Promoter based GA
Genetic programming (GP)
Cartesian GP Linear GP Gene expression programming Grammatical evolution Multi expression programming
Differential evolution
Evolution strategy
Evolutionary programming
Related topics
Cellular EA Cultural algorithm Effective fitness Evolutionary computation Gaussian adaptation Grammar induction Evolutionary multimodal optimization Memetic algorithm Neuroevolution
v t e

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for neologisms. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted. Find sources: "Parity benchmark" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Parity problems are widely used as benchmark problems in genetic programming but inherited from the artificial neural network community. Parity is calculated by summing all the binary inputs and reporting if the sum is odd or even. This is considered difficult because:

1. a very simple artificial neural network cannot solve it, and
2. all inputs need to be considered and a change to any one of them changes the answer.

• Foundations of Genetic Programming

This artificial intelligence-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

• v
• t
• e

This robotics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

• v
• t
• e