Paulo Afonso Falls

Paulo Afonso Falls
Paulo Afonso Falls
	Paulo Afonso Falls during a water release from the Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex
Location	Alagoas and Bahia; Brazil
Coordinates	9°23′21″S 38°11′45″W / 9.3890899°S 38.1957704°W
Type	Tiered
Total height	84 metres (276 ft)
Number of drops	3
Longest drop	59 metres (194 ft)
Average width	18 metres (59 ft)
Watercourse	São Francisco River
Average; flow rate	2,832 m3/s (100,000 cu ft/s) (historical)

Paulo Afonso Falls (Portuguese: Cachoeira de Paulo Afonso) is a series of waterfalls on the São Francisco River in the north-east of Brazil adjacent to the city of Paulo Afonso.^[1]

Structure

The falls consist of a series of tiered cascades that descend approximately 24.4 metres (80 ft) before plunging 79.3 metres (260 ft) into a narrow gorge. The falls have an overall height of 84 metres (276 ft).^[1]

Prior to damming, the falls had an estimated flow rate of 2,832 m³/s (100,000 cu ft/s) and a maximum flow rate of at least 14,158 m³/s (500,000 cu ft/s). This would have made the falls the largest in Brazil and among the largest in the world.^[1]^[2]

History

The waterfall has been known to the indigenous population of the São Francisco River basin since time immemorial and to Portuguese colonizers since the 16th century.

Damming

In 1912, the São Francisco River was dammed by the Hidrelétrica de Angiquinho upstream of the falls. The hydroelectric dam the first hydroelectric power station in northeastern Brazil.^[3]

In the early 1940s, the Brazilian government sponsored the expansion of the Hidrelétrica de Angiquinho to provide much of the semi-arid interior with a reliable source of electricity.^[4] Construction of the Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex began in 1948, which greatly reduced the volume of water flowing over the falls. Since the completion of the hydroelectric complex, the falls have acted as a natural spillway during high rainfall years.^[5]^[6]