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Picornavirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES)
This family represents the Picornavirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element present in their 5' untranslated region.[1] These elements were discovered in picornaviruses.[2] They are cis-acting RNA sequences that adopt diverse three-dimensional structures, recruit the translation machinery and that often operate in association with specific RNA-binding proteins.[2] IRES elements allow cap and end-independent translation of mRNA in the host cell. It has been found that La autoantigen (La) is required for Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) IRES-mediated translation, and it has been suggested that La may be required for the efficient translation of the viral RNA in the pancreas.[3][4] Based on their secondary structure, picornavirus IRES are grouped into four main types. Type I comprises enteroand rhinovirus IRES and type II, those of cardio- and aphthovirus, among others. Type III is used to name hepatitis A IRES.[2] References
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