Residual chemical shift anisotropy (RCSA) is the difference between the chemical shiftanisotropy (CSA) of aligned and non-aligned molecules. It is normally three orders of magnitude smaller than the static CSA, with values on the order of parts-per-billion (ppb). RCSA is useful for structural determination and it is among the new developments in NMR spectroscopy.[citation needed]
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Lipsitz, Rebecca S.; Tjandra, Nico (2001). "Carbonyl CSA Restraints from Solution NMR for Protein Structure Refinement". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 123 (44): 11065–6. Bibcode:2001JAChS.12311065L. doi:10.1021/ja016854g. PMID11686713.
Nath, Nilamoni; Schmidt, Manuel; Gil, Roberto R.; Wiliamson, R. Thomas; Martin, Gary E.; Navarro-Vázquez, Armando; Griesinger, Christian; Liu, Yhizhou (2016). "Determination of Relative Configuration from Residual Chemical Shift Anisotropy". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 138 (30): 9548–56. Bibcode:2016JAChS.138.9548N. doi:10.1021/jacs.6b04082. PMID27294984.
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