Saleni Armstrong-Hopkins (born January 21, 1855), born Saleni Armstrong, and sometimes seen as Salini Armstrong-Hopkins, was a Canadian-born American physician, medical missionary, and author.
Early life and education
Saleni Armstrong was born in London, Ontario, the daughter of William Leonard Armstrong and Elizabeth Summers Armstrong.[1] Her father was a Union Army surgeon during the American Civil War.[2] She was raised in Michigan and Nebraska.[3]
Armstrong attended Northwestern University for a year and graduated from the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1885, with an internship in gynecology and obstetrics at the Philadelphia Lying-in Charity Hospital.[4] She also studied at Mount Vernon Institute of Elocution and Languages.[5]
Career
Armstrong founded and ran an orphanage in Platte County, Nebraska, as a young doctor. She became a medical missionary in India as a single woman in 1886, serving with her sister Willimina L. Armstrong,[6][7] and later with her husband, Methodist clergyman George Armstrong-Hopkins. She founded and directed a hospital and a nurses' training school at Khetwadi from 1887 to 1889. She was physician in charge at Lady Atchison Hospital in Lahore and a hospital in Hyderabad, Sindh from 1889 to 1893.[8] From 1893 to 1895, she was on the staff of a hospital in Omaha. She sponsored several Indian students to attend college in the United States.[5] The Armstrong-Hopkinses went to Bombay in 1912; she retired from the mission field after her husband's death in 1918.[9]
In 1899, Armstrong-Hopkins sued her superior, Methodist bishop James Mills Thoburn, for slander.[10] She sued him again in 1907 for libel, and won an award of $500.[11][12] Thoburn had claimed that Armstrong-Hopkins was spending lavishly on dresses, stockings, shoes, and hats for her Indian patients.[13] She held a medical license in Nebraska from 1894,[14] but was refused a license to practice in Washington, D. C. in 1903, when the district's board of medical supervisors questioned her credentials and asked her to sit for an examination.[15]
Books by Armstrong-Hopkins[4] included Within the Purdah (1898),[16]Fruit of Suffering (a book of poems), Pork and Mustard, and Khetwadi Castle (1900).[17] She gave lectures on her experiences in India to women's groups and at church events.[18]
Personal life
In 1893, Saleni Armstrong married George Franklin Hopkins (1855-1918), as his second wife.[8] They both used the surname Armstrong-Hopkins after they married, and their legal change to the hyphenated surname made headlines in 1905.[19][20] In 1926, she was on a list of "Lost Alumnae" of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania; her alumnae association had lost track of her address.[21] Her younger sister Willimina Leonora Armstrong was known later in life as Zamin Ki Dost, a physician, writer, and lecturer on Eastern mysticism, based in Los Angeles.[22]
References
^Leonard, John William; Marquis, Albert Nelson (1906). Who's who in America. A.N. Marquis. pp. 47–48.
^"American Woman in India". The Spokesman-Review. 1897-05-16. p. 11. Retrieved 2020-09-16 – via Newspapers.com.
^Leonard, John William; Mohr, William Frederick; Holmes, Frank R.; Knox, Herman Warren; Downs, 0infield Scott (1905). Who's who in New York City and State. L.R. Hamersly Company. p. 27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ abMoulton, Charles Wells (1906). The Doctor's Who's who. Saalfield publishing Company. pp. 13–14.
