Salvadora grahamiae

Salvadora grahamiae
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Colubridae
Genus:	Salvadora
Species:	S. grahamiae
Binomial name
	Salvadora grahamiae; Baird & Girard, 1853
Synonyms
	Salvadora grahamiae ; Baird & Girard, 1853; Phimothyra grahamiae ; — Cope, 1879; Salvadora grahamiae ; — Garman, 1884;

Salvadora grahamiae, also known commonly as the eastern patch-nosed snake and the mountain patchnose snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to the southwestern United States and adjacent northeastern Mexico.^[2]

Etymology

The specific name, grahamiae, is in honor of Colonel James Duncan Graham, United States Army Corps of Topographical Engineers.^[3]

Geographic range

S. grahamiae is found in the US states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, and in the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Querétaro, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz.^[2]

Habitat

S. grahamiae occurs in a wide variety of habitats including forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert, at altitudes from sea level to 1,980 m (6,500 ft).^[1]

Description

S. grahamiae may attain a total length (including tail) of 47 in (120 cm). It has eight upper labials. The posterior chin shields touch or are separated by only one small scale.^[4]

Diet

S. grahamiae preys predominately upon lizards, especially those of the genus Aspidoscelis.^[5] It also eats reptile eggs, small snakes, nestling birds, and small mammals.^[6]

Reproduction

S. grahamiae is oviparous.^[2] Eggs are laid in April–June, and clutch size is 5–10.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b Hammerson, G.A.; Frost, D.R. (2007). "Salvadora grahamiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2007: e.T63911A12726058. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63911A12726058.en. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Species Salvadora grahamiae at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Salvadora grahamiae, p. 105).
^ Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. (Illustrated by David M. Dennis and Sy Barlowe). New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. ISBN 0-307-13666-3 (paperback), ISBN 0-307-47009-1 (hardcover). (Salvadora grahamiae, pp. 19–4195).
^ Schmidt KP, Davis DD (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp., 34 plates, 103 figures. (Salvadora grahamiae, pp. 136–139, Figure 35).
^ ^a ^b Stebbins RC (2003). A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, Third Edition. The Peterson Field Guide Series ®. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. xiii + 533 pp. ISBN 978-0-395-98272-3. (Salvadora grahamiae, p. 357–358 + Plate 47, Figure 21 + Map 145).

Baird SF, Girard C (1853). Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part I.—Serpents. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. xvi + 172 pp. ("Salvadora Grahamiæ ", new species, pp. 104–105).
Cope ED (1879). "Eleventh Contribution to the Herpetology of Tropical America". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 18: 261–277. ("Phimothyra grahamiæ ", new combination, p. 262).
Powell R, Conant R, Collins JT (2016). Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp., 207 figures, 47 color plates. ISBN 978-0-544-12997-9. (Salvadora grahamiae, p. 37, Figure182 + Plate 37).
Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, A Division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes). (Salvadora grahamiae, pp. 246–249, Figure 188).

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[iucn-1] Hammerson, G.A.; Frost, D.R. (2007). "Salvadora grahamiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2007: e.T63911A12726058. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63911A12726058.en. Retrieved 6 July 2023.

[RDB-2] Species Salvadora grahamiae at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.

[3] Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Salvadora grahamiae, p. 105).

[4] Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. (Illustrated by David M. Dennis and Sy Barlowe). New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. ISBN 0-307-13666-3 (paperback), ISBN 0-307-47009-1 (hardcover). (Salvadora grahamiae, pp. 19–4195).

[5] Schmidt KP, Davis DD (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp., 34 plates, 103 figures. (Salvadora grahamiae, pp. 136–139, Figure 35).

[Stebbins2003-6] Stebbins RC (2003). A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, Third Edition. The Peterson Field Guide Series ®. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. xiii + 533 pp. ISBN 978-0-395-98272-3. (Salvadora grahamiae, p. 357–358 + Plate 47, Figure 21 + Map 145).

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