Textual variants in the First Epistle to Timothy are the subject of the study called textual criticism of the New Testament. Textual variants in manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to a text that is being reproduced. An abbreviated list of textual variants in this particular book is given in this article below.
Most of the variations are not significant and some common alterations include the deletion, rearrangement, repetition, or replacement of one or more words when the copyist's eye returns to a similar word in the wrong location of the original text. If their eye skips to an earlier word, they may create a repetition (error of dittography). If their eye skips to a later word, they may create an omission. They may resort to performing a rearranging of words to retain the overall meaning without compromising the context. In other instances, the copyist may add text from memory from a similar or parallel text in another location. Otherwise, they may also replace some text of the original with an alternative reading. Spellings occasionally change. Synonyms may be substituted. A pronoun may be changed into a proper noun (such as "he said" becoming "Jesus said"). John Mill's 1707 Greek New Testament was estimated to contain some 30,000 variants in its accompanying textual apparatus[1] which was based on "nearly 100 [Greek] manuscripts."[2] Peter J. Gurry puts the number of non-spelling variants among New Testament manuscripts around 500,000, though he acknowledges his estimate is higher than all previous ones.[3]
Legend
A guide to the sigla (symbols and abbreviations) most frequently used in the body of this article.[4][5]
αληθειαν λεγω (I am telling the truth) – א2 A D* F G P Ψ 075 0150 6 81 104 263 330 424c 451 459 629 1175 1505 1739 1881 1912 2492 Lectmss lat syr cop eth AmbrosiasterAmbroseChrysostomJohnDam
αληθειαν λεγω εγω (I am telling the truth) – 2495
αληθειαν λεγω Χριστος (I am telling the truth of Christ) – 436
αληθειαν λεγω εν Χριστω (I am telling the truth in Christ) – א* D2 H K L 33vid 88 181 256 326 365 424* 614 630 1241 1573 1852 1877 2127 Byz Lectmss itar vgmss goth arm slav TheodoretEuthalius
αληθειαν λεγω εν Χριστω Ιησου (I am telling the truth in Christ Jesus) – 1319
3Textual variants in 1 Timothy 3
1 Timothy 3:1
ανθρωπινος (humanorof a man) – D* itb,d,g,m,mon Ambrosiaster JeromemssAugustine Speculum
πιστος (faithful) – rell
1 Timothy 3:14
προς σε (to you) – omitted by F G 6 1739 1881 copsa
1 Timothy 3:16
ομολογουμεν ως (just as we are professing) – D* 1175
^Adam Fox, John Mill and Richard Bentley: A Study of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament 1675–1729 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1954), pp. 105–115; John Mill, Novum Testamentum Graecum, cum lectionibus variantibus MSS (Oxford 1707)
Bruce M. Metzger & Bart D. Ehrman, "The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration", OUP New York, Oxford, 4 edition, 2005
Bart D. Ehrman, "The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture. The Effect of Early Christological Controversies on the Text of the New Testament", Oxford University Press, New York - Oxford, 1996, pp. 223–227.
Bruce M. Metzger, "A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament: A Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies' Greek New Testament", 1994, United Bible Societies, London & New York.