Wuming Mandarin

Wuming Mandarin
Wuming Mandarin
Wuming Guanhua
武鸣官话
Native to	China
Region	Wuming District
Native speakers	40,000 (2005)
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Mandarin Southwestern Mandarin Gui–Liu Wuming Mandarin; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None
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Wuming Mandarin or Wuming Guanhua (simplified Chinese: 武鸣官话; traditional Chinese: 武鳴官話; pinyin: Wǔmíng Guānhuà), known locally as Wuminghua (武鸣话; 武鳴話; Wǔmínghuà; 'Wuming speech'),^[2] is a dialect of Southwestern Mandarin spoken in urban Wuming District, specifically in the towns of Chengxiang and Fucheng.^[3]^[4]^[5] It is a variety that has been influenced substantially by Zhuang, which is the majority language of the district.^[6]^[3]

Classification

Wuming Mandarin is classified as a part of the Gui–Liu subgroup (桂柳片; Guì-Liǔ piàn) of Southwestern Mandarin.^[7]^[8] The second edition of the Language Atlas of China further classifies it as part of the Guinan (southern Guangxi) cluster (桂南小片; Guìnán xiǎopiàn).^[8]

Phonology

Initials

There are 18 phonemic initials (including the zero initial):^[2]

		Bilabial		Alveolar		Velar		Glottal
Plosive	plain	p		t		k		ʔ
Plosive	aspirated	pʰ		tʰ		kʰ
Affricate	plain			ts
Affricate	aspirated			tsʰ
Fricative		f		s		x
Lateral fricative				ɬ
Nasal			m		n		ŋ
Lateral approximant					l

Rimes

There are seventy (70) rimes.^[2]

Tones

There are seven tones, six of which are native:^[9]

Name	Tone letter
yin level (阴平; 陰平)	˧ (33)
yang level (阳平; 陽平)	˨˩ (21)
rising (上声; 上聲)	˥ (55)
departing (去声; 去聲)	˨˦ (24)
high entering (入声高调; 入聲高調)	˥ (55)
low entering (入声低调; 入聲低調)	˨˩ (21)

The other tone, ˧˥ (35), is non-native, occurs in very few words, and corresponds to the yin level (阴平; 陰平) tone in Pinghua.^[9]

Notes

^ WCAEB 2013, p. 137.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lu 2013, p. 56.
^ ^a ^b WCAEB 1998, vol. 27, ch. 1, sec. 2.
^ Lu 2012, p. 5.
^ Huang 1997, p. 57.
^ Huang 1997, p. 59.
^ CASS & AAH 1987, B6.
^ ^a ^b Liu 2012, p. 169.
^ ^a ^b Lu 2013, p. 57.

References

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Australian Academy of the Humanities (1987). 中国语言地图集 [Language Atlas of China] (in Chinese). Hong Kong: Longman Group (Far East). ISBN 0-582-99903-0.
Huang, Yuanwei (1997). "The Interaction between Zhuang and the Yue (Cantonese) Dialects". In Edmondson, Jerold A.; Solnit, David B. (eds.). Comparative Kadai: The Tai Branch. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 57–76. ISBN 1-55671-005-4.
Liu, Cunhan (2012). B2—2、3、4 广西壮族自治区的汉语方言. 中国语言地图集 [Language Atlas of China] (in Chinese). Vol. 汉语方言卷 (2nd ed.). Beijing: Commercial Press. pp. 166–176. ISBN 978-7-100-07054-6.
Lu, Miaoyan (2012). 武鸣县城官话调查报告 [Wuming County Mandarin Investigation Report] (master's) (in Chinese). Guangxi University.
Lu, Miaoyan (2013). 武鸣县城官话同音字汇 [Homophony Syllabary of Wuming County Mandarin]. Journal of Baise University (in Chinese). 26 (5): 56–64.
Wuming County Annals Editorial Board, ed. (1998). 武鸣县志 [Wuming County Annals] (in Chinese). Nanning: Guangxi People's Publishing House. ISBN 7219036698.
Wuming County Annals Editorial Board, ed. (2013). 武鸣县志（1991～2005） [Wuming County Annals (1991–2005)] (in Chinese). Nanning: Guangxi People's Publishing House. ISBN 978-7-219-08337-6.

[FOOTNOTEWCAEB2013137-1] WCAEB 2013, p. 137.

[FOOTNOTELu201356-2] Lu 2013, p. 56.

[FOOTNOTEWCAEB1998vol._27,_ch._1,_sec._2-3] WCAEB 1998, vol. 27, ch. 1, sec. 2.

[FOOTNOTELu20125-4] Lu 2012, p. 5.

[FOOTNOTEHuang199757-5] Huang 1997, p. 57.

[FOOTNOTEHuang199759-6] Huang 1997, p. 59.

[FOOTNOTECASSAAH1987B6-7] CASS & AAH 1987, B6.

[FOOTNOTELiu2012169-8] Liu 2012, p. 169.

[FOOTNOTELu201357-9] Lu 2013, p. 57.

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