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Xanthophryne koynayensis
Xanthophryne koynayensis (common names: Humbali Village toad, chrome-yellow toad, Koyna toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India where it is known from Koyna (including Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary[1]) in the Maharashtra state.[3] Formerly included in the genus Bufo it has been since made the type species for the genus Xanthophryne and is a sister species of Xanthophryne tigerina.[4] HistoryXanthophryne koynayensis has been described twice using the same materials[4] collected in connection with the Koyna Hydroelectric Project:[2] first as Bufo koynayensis by Soman in 1963, and then as Bufo sulphureus by Grandison and Daniel in 1964.[4] DescriptionXanthophryne koynayensis are relatively small toads: adult males measure 24–32 mm (0.94–1.26 in) in snout–vent length.[4] The body is covered by small warts with black tips and dark brown in colour; there are yellow patches on the flanks, thighs, and shoulders. The tympanum is indistinct.[2] Habitat and conservationXanthophryne koynayensis is a rare species. Its natural habitats are moist to wet evergreen forest and dry riparian grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by agriculture and clear cutting of forests.[1] References
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