Arachnion

Arachnion
	Arachnion album
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Agaricales
Family:	Agaricaceae
Genus:	Arachnion; Schwein. (1822)
Type species
	Arachnion album; Schwein. (1822)
Synonyms
	Scoleciocarpus Berk. (1843);

Arachnion is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the family Agaricaceae.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by Lewis David von Schweinitz in 1822 with Arachnion album as the type, and only species.^[3] The genus name is Greek for "cobweb".

William Chambers Coker and John Nathaniel Couch circumscribed the family Arachniaceae in 1928 to contain Arachnion.^[4] The genus was later placed in the now-defunct family Lycoperdaceae.^[5] Modern molecular analysis has shown that Arachnion, as well as other puffball genera, are part of the family Agaricaceae.^[6]

Description

Arachnion species have a characteristic gleba, resembling a mass of grainy, sand-like particles. At a microscopic scale, the granules are peridioles, or tiny sacs made of hyphae that contain spores. Inside each sac is a minuscule chamber that contains inward-facing basidia (spore-bearing cells), an arrangement similar to that seen in Lycoperdon. The fruitbodies have a smooth, thin, and fragile peridium that readily disintegrates into small pieces in maturity to expose the granular contents.^[4]

Distribution

The genus is widely distributed, with species found in Australia, North and South America, South Africa, and Europe, and Japan.^[7]

Species

As of January 2016^[update], Index Fungorum accepts 11 species in Arachnion:^[8]

Arachnion alborosellum Verwoerd 1926 – South Africa^[9]
Arachnion album Schwein. 1822^[3]
Arachnion bovista (Mont.) Mont. 1849^[10]
Arachnion firmoderma Verwoerd 1926 – South Africa^[9]
Arachnion foetens Speg. 1906 – South America^[11]
Arachnion iriemae Rick 1961
Arachnion iulii Quadr. 1996 – Italy^[12]
Arachnion lazoi Demoulin 1972^[13]
Arachnion lloydianum Demoulin 1972^[13]
Arachnion rufum Lloyd 1906^[14]
Arachnion scleroderma Lloyd 1915^[15]

References

^ Berkeley MJ. (1843). "Enumeration of fungi, collected by Herr Zeyher in Uitenhage". London Journal of Botany. 2: 507–527.
^ "Synonymy: Arachnion Schwein". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2014-10-25.
^ ^a ^b von Schweinitz LD. (1822). "Synopsis fungorum Carolinae superioris" (in Latin). 1: 20–131 (see p. 59). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ ^a ^b Johnson MM, Coker WS, Couch JN (1974) [First published 1928]. The Gasteromycetes of the Eastern United States and Canada. New York, New York: Dover Publications. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-486-23033-7.
^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC, Stalpers JA (2001). Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (9th ed.). Oxon, UK: CABI Bioscience. ISBN 978-0-85199-377-5.
^ Trierveiler-Pereira L, Kreisel H, Baseia IG (2010). "New data on puffballs (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from the Northeast Region of Brazil". Mycotaxon. 111: 411–421. doi:10.5248/111.411.
^ Kasuya T, Orihara T, Fukiharu T, Yoshimi S (2006). "A lycoperdaceous fungus, Arachnion album (Agaricales, Arachniaceae), newly found in Japan". Mycoscience. 47 (6): 385–387. doi:10.1007/s10267-006-0316-6. S2CID 84744299.
^ Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 23rd December 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2016-01-14.
^ ^a ^b Verwoerd L. (1926). "Addisionele beskrywings van enkele Suid-Afrikaanse Gasteromycetes" (PDF). South African Journal of Science. 23: 290–294.
^ Montagne JPFC. (1849). "Sixièmes Centurie de plantes cellulaires nouvelles, tant indigènes qu'exotiques. Décades III à VI". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique (in French). 11: 33–66.
^ Spegazzini C. (1906). "Mycetes Argentinenses (series III)". Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Buenos Aires. 16 (9): 25–33.
^ Quadraccia L. (1996). "Studies on Italian Gasteromycetes. I. Two new species of Arachnion and Radiigera (Basidiomycotina, Lycoperdales) from Rome and its environs". Mycotaxon. 58: 331–341.
^ ^a ^b Demoulin V. (1972). "Observations sur le genre Arachnion Schw. (Gasteromycetes)". Nova Hedwigia (in French). 21: 641–655.
^ Lloyd CG. (1906). "Mycological Notes 21". Mycological Writiings. 2 (21): 245–260.
^ Lloyd CG. (1915). "Mycological Notes 39". Mycological Writings. 4: 525–540.

[Berkeley_1843-1] Berkeley MJ. (1843). "Enumeration of fungi, collected by Herr Zeyher in Uitenhage". London Journal of Botany. 2: 507–527.

[urlFungorum_synonymy:_Arachnion-2] "Synonymy: Arachnion Schwein". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2014-10-25.

[Schweinitz_1822-3] von Schweinitz LD. (1822). "Synopsis fungorum Carolinae superioris" (in Latin). 1: 20–131 (see p. 59). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[Coker_1928-4] Johnson MM, Coker WS, Couch JN (1974) [First published 1928]. The Gasteromycetes of the Eastern United States and Canada. New York, New York: Dover Publications. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-486-23033-7.

[Kirk_2001-5] Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC, Stalpers JA (2001). Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (9th ed.). Oxon, UK: CABI Bioscience. ISBN 978-0-85199-377-5.

[Trierveiler-Pereira_2010-6] Trierveiler-Pereira L, Kreisel H, Baseia IG (2010). "New data on puffballs (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from the Northeast Region of Brazil". Mycotaxon. 111: 411–421. doi:10.5248/111.411.

[Kasuya_2006-7] Kasuya T, Orihara T, Fukiharu T, Yoshimi S (2006). "A lycoperdaceous fungus, Arachnion album (Agaricales, Arachniaceae), newly found in Japan". Mycoscience. 47 (6): 385–387. doi:10.1007/s10267-006-0316-6. S2CID 84744299.

[CoL-Fungorum-8] Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 23rd December 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2016-01-14.

[Verwoerd_1926-9] Verwoerd L. (1926). "Addisionele beskrywings van enkele Suid-Afrikaanse Gasteromycetes" (PDF). South African Journal of Science. 23: 290–294.

[Montagne_1849-10] Montagne JPFC. (1849). "Sixièmes Centurie de plantes cellulaires nouvelles, tant indigènes qu'exotiques. Décades III à VI". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique (in French). 11: 33–66.

[Spegazzini_1906-11] Spegazzini C. (1906). "Mycetes Argentinenses (series III)". Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Buenos Aires. 16 (9): 25–33.

[Quadraccia_1996-12] Quadraccia L. (1996). "Studies on Italian Gasteromycetes. I. Two new species of Arachnion and Radiigera (Basidiomycotina, Lycoperdales) from Rome and its environs". Mycotaxon. 58: 331–341.

[Demoulin_1972-13] Demoulin V. (1972). "Observations sur le genre Arachnion Schw. (Gasteromycetes)". Nova Hedwigia (in French). 21: 641–655.

[Lloyd_1906-14] Lloyd CG. (1906). "Mycological Notes 21". Mycological Writiings. 2 (21): 245–260.

[Lloyd_1915-15] Lloyd CG. (1915). "Mycological Notes 39". Mycological Writings. 4: 525–540.

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Arachnion

Taxonomy

Description

Distribution

Species

See also

References

Information related to Arachnion

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