The Hunan Federation of Trade Unions (HNFTU; Chinese: 湖南省总工会), a provincial branch of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU), was formally established in December 1926 in Changsha during the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)-led labor movement.^[1]

Its origins trace to organizations like the Changsha Manganese Miners' Union in 1922, which led strikes against German and Japanese mining concessions in Xiangtan, mobilizing over 8,000 workers by 1925.^[2] During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the HNFTU coordinated sabotage operations in the Xuefeng Mountains, disrupting Japanese tungsten ore shipments along the Hunan–Guangxi railway.^[3][4]

Post-1949, the HNFTU centralized labor governance in state-owned industries, managing enterprises such as the Zhuzhou Smelter Group in 1956 and promoting Soviet-inspired labor emulation campaigns.^[5] During the 1990s economic reforms, it mediated disputes in Changsha's emerging manufacturing zones and pioneered rural migrant worker unionization in China's first Labor Export Counties like Hengyang. In the 2010s, the HNFTU prioritized digital labor integration through the Hunan Workers' Skills Cloud Platform in 2019 and advanced vocational training under the provincial "Digital Hunan" strategy.^[6][7]